ࡱ> ~[ h1bjbj Hΐΐ [(@(0)))$?)?)?)P),?){..4...'1'1'1zzzzzzz$}b\z)'11"#1'1'1z((..FzBBB'1d(.(8.zB'1zBBr)u.?)4 ot:}zz0{ttC>Xu)u`'1'1B'1'1'1'1'1zzB'1'1'1{'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1 !':  RESEARCH DEGREE REGULATIONS Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy by Public Works Doctor of Engineering Doctor of Arts Master of Philosophy Master of Philosophy by Public Works Master in Arts Master of Arts (by Research) Master of Science (by Research) Master of Laws (by Research) And Doctor of Laws Doctor of Letters Doctor of Science Doctor of Technology Revised: September 2014 Research and Knowledge Transfer Office 2014 RESEARCH DEGREE REGULATIONS CONTENTS STANDARDS FOR RESEARCH DEGREES PAGES 34 SECTION A PAGES 527 REGULATIONS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DOCTOR OF ENGINEERING SECTION B PAGES 2834 REGULATIONS FOR THE AWARD OF THE RESEARCH DEGREE BY PUBLIC WORKS SECTION C PAGES 3550 REGULATIONS FOR THE AWARD OF MA AND MSC AND LLM (BY RESEARCH) SECTION D PAGES 5154 REGULATIONS FOR THE AWARD OF HIGHER DOCTORATES SECTION E PAGES 5573 REGULATIONS FOR THE AWARD OF ARTS M AND ARTS D SECTION F PAGES 7376 APPEALS PROCEDURE FOR RESEARCH DEGREE CANDIDATES SECTION G PAGES 7783 COMPLAINTS AND GRIEVANCE PROCEDURES STANDARDS FOR RESEARCH DEGREES Master of Arts (by Research); Master of Science (by Research); Master of Laws (by Research) The standard of the MA/MSc (by research) is that expected of a candidate who has undertaken a research programme, demonstrated knowledge and understanding of existing scholarship or research in the field specified by the thesis title, and presented the material with clarity. The candidate must have demonstrated competence in the relevant methods of research and presented and defended a thesis by oral examination to the satisfaction of the examiners. Master of Philosophy The standard of the MPhil is that expected of a candidate who has investigated critically and evaluated an approved topic, and contributed to knowledge of this topic. The candidate must have demonstrated an understanding of research methods appropriate to the chosen field, and presented and defended a thesis, by oral examination, to the satisfaction of the examiners. Doctor of Philosophy The standard of the PhD is that expected of a candidate who has investigated critically and evaluated an approved topic resulting in an independent and original contribution to scholarship, worthy of publication in complete and abridged form. The candidate must have shown evidence of ability to undertake further research without supervision and have presented and defended a thesis, by oral examination, to the satisfaction of the examiners. Master of Philosophy by Public Works The standard of the MPhil by Public Works is equivalent to that of an MPhil by thesis. The candidate must have made a personal, systematic, study normally on a single or predominant theme or topic with unity, continuity, and convergent treatment among the works. The candidate must have contributed to knowledge of this theme or topic through critical investigation and evaluation. The candidate must have demonstrated an understanding of research methods appropriate to the chosen theme, and have presented and defended the submitted works to the satisfaction of the examiners. Doctor of Philosophy by Public Works The standard of the PhD by Public Works is equivalent to that of a PhD by thesis. The candidate must have made a personal, systematic, study normally on a single or predominant theme with unity, continuity, and convergent treatment among the works. The candidate must have shown originality by the exercise of independent critical power and made a distinct and significant contribution to knowledge. The candidate must have presented and defended the submitted works to the satisfaction of the examiners. Master in Arts The standard of the ArtsM is that expected in a candidate of significant professional standing who has investigated the knowledge implicit in the arts practice itself through the execution of an agreed programme of creative work and successfully elicited, documented and evaluated that knowledge in academically appropriate registers of writing. The programme of work will show a critical command of knowledge and understanding in its academic and professional field. Doctor of Arts The standard of the ArtsD is that expected of a candidate of advanced professional standing who has investigated the knowledge implicit in the arts practice itself through the execution of an agreed programme of creative work, and successfully elicited, documented and evaluated that knowledge in academically appropriate registers of writing and in oral examination by both academic and professional peers. The programme of work will have created and interpreted new knowledge in its field. EngD The standard of the EngD is that expected of a candidate who has investigated critically and evaluated an approved topic resulting in an independent and original contribution to scholarship worthy of publication in complete or abridged form, in an engineering discipline, that is a discipline falling under the purview of the constituent institutions of the Engineering Council. The candidate must have shown evidence of ability to undertake further research without supervision, presented and defended a thesis by oral examination to the satisfaction of the examiners, completed a programme of course work to the satisfaction of the examiners, and presented the research to an invited audience representing interests internal and external to the University. The EngD is not a higher doctorate than the PhD. It is qualitatively different in that the study programme will be designed to include features which are particularly appropriate to engineering practice and industrial research. A programme of assessed coursework is mandatory, the project must involve close industrial collaboration, and the student will be assessed partly on his/her ability to manage the project and collaborate with other workers in so doing. Higher Doctorates (Doctor of Laws, Doctor of Letters, Doctor of Science, Doctor of Technology). The standard of the award of LLD, DLitt, DSc or DTech is that expected of an applicant who is a holder of at least seven years' standing of a first degree or holder of at least four years' standing of a higher degree, who is a leading authority in the field of study concerned and has made an original and significant contribution to the advancement or application of knowledge in that field. Full details or requirements for the award of higher doctorates are given in section I. SECTION A REGULATIONS FOR THE AWARDS OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DOCTOR OF ENGINEERING A1 PRINCIPLES A1.1 shall award the degrees of Master of Philosophy (MPhil), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and Doctor of Engineering (EngD) to registered candidates (including candidates from partner institutions) who successfully complete approved programmes of supervised research. A1.2 For the MPhil, and PhD, programmes of research may be proposed in any field of study subject to the requirement that the proposed programme is capable of leading to scholarly research and to its presentation for assessment by appropriate examiners. For the EngD, the programme of research must be in an engineering discipline, that is, a discipline falling under the purview of the constituent institutions of the Engineering Council. For the MPhil and PhD, a shorter thesis may be presented supplemented by work in another form which constitutes the point of reference and principal mode of enquiry for the thesis. Work in other forms may include creative works, scholarly editions, software and research reports and other forms as may be agreed from time to time. The acceptance of any form of work other than a conventional thesis does not imply any relaxation in the academic standards which are expected for the award concerned. All proposed research programmes shall be considered for research degree registration on their academic merits and without reference to the concerns or interests of any associated funding body. A1.3 The University shall encourage cooperation with industrial, commercial, professional or research establishments for the purposes of research leading to research degree awards. Such cooperation shall be intended: a) to encourage outwardlooking and relevant research; b) to extend the candidate's own experience and perspectives of the work; c) to provide a wider range of experience and expertise to assist in the development of the project; d) to be mutually beneficial; and, e) where appropriate, to enable the candidate to become a member of a research community. For the MPhil and PhD such collaboration should be established where appropriate. For the EngD collaboration is mandatory. Cooperation may be formalised with one or more bodies external to the University or the partner institution. For the purpose of the research degree regulations, where the body is external to the University or the partner institution, it shall be referred to as a Collaborating Establishment. Formal collaboration may involve the candidate's use of facilities and other resources, or supervisory support (such supervisors may be members of the students supervisory team). In such cases a formal letter from the Collaborating Establishment confirming the agreed arrangements should be submitted with the application, except where collaboration is an integral part of the project (as for instance with NERC/EPSRC CASE awards). The name/s of the Collaborating Establishment/s shall appear on the candidate's thesis and degree certificate. The University will also enter into partnerships with collaborative partners to jointly offer research degrees (although with ultimate responsibility for standards and quality always lying with the University). For the purpose of the research degree regulations these shall be referred to as Partner Institutions. Such collaborative provision, and the relationship between the partner institution and the University will be subject to the additional requirements detailed within these regulations and in the associated Quality Procedures for Research Degrees. A1.4 In the case of a registration for MPhil, MPhil with the possibility of transfer to PhD, or EngD, this may only take place following approval by the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team. A1.5 In the case of direct registration for PhD, this may only take place following approval by the Universitys Research Degrees Board. A2 APPLICATION AND QUALIFICATIONS FOR REGISTRATION FOR A RESEARCH DEGREE A2.1 A person may apply to register for a research degree, by completing the appropriate form for the degree of: a) Master of Philosophy; b) Master of Philosophy with possibility of transfer to Doctor of Philosophy; or c) Doctor of Philosophy; d) Doctor of Engineering A2.2 In approving an application for registration for MPhil or MPhil with transfer possibility to PhD, the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution shall satisfy itself: insofar as is reasonably possible on the available information that: a) the candidate appears suitably qualified to commence the research programme; b) the candidates research programme appears viable; c) the supervision arrangements appear adequate and likely to be satisfied; d) the University or the partner institution and collaborating establishment (where appropriate) appear able to provide appropriate facilities for the conduct of scholarly research in the area of the research programme. A2.3 In approving an application for PhD direct, the Research Degrees Board shall additionally satisfy itself that a direct PhD registration is justified in the circumstances. A2.4 In approving an application for registration for EngD the School Research Committee or the partner institution shall additionally satisfy itself that the candidate is embarking on a viable study programme which will be assessed and meets all the requirements set out in these regulations. A2.5 The selection and admission of candidates pursuing their research at a partner institution shall be undertaken by the partner institution. Selection and admission will be conducted in accordance with University criteria as set out in A2.2 to A2.13 and the relevant School Handbook. The University shall ensure that staff at the partner institution are fully conversant with these criteria and in their application and implementation. A2.6 An applicant for registration for the degree of MPhil or MPhil with possibility of transfer to PhD shall normally hold a first or second class honours degree of the University, a university in the UK or a qualification which is regarded by the University as equivalent to such an Honours degree. A2.7 An applicant holding qualifications other than those in paragraph A2.3 shall be considered on his/her merits and in relation to the nature and scope of the programme of work proposed. In considering an applicant in this category, the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution shall look for evidence of the candidate's ability and background knowledge in relation to the proposed research. Professional experience, publications, written reports or other appropriate evidence of accomplishment shall be taken into consideration. The School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution may require an applicant to pass an externally assessed qualifying examination at final year honours degree level before registration is approved. An applicant wishing to be considered under this regulation shall include in the application for registration the names of two suitable persons whom the University or partner institution may consult concerning the candidate's academic attainment and fitness for research. A2.8 Direct PhD registration is not normally permitted. Exceptionally, and only by the agreement of the Research Degrees Board, candidates may be registered for PhD direct but only in circumstances where sponsors require it. Any candidate registered direct for a PhD shall be required to produce a Confirmation Report no later than half way through their period of research (after two years for PhD by full-time study and after three years by part-time study). This Confirmation Report shall be treated in exactly the same way as a transfer report and a decision shall be made at School level whether registration should continue for a PhD degree. If a decision is made that the Confirmation Report does not indicate that the research is of a standard to qualify for PhD, then the student shall be required to terminate their registration for PhD and re-register for MPhil. The result of this decision shall be conveyed to the Research Degrees Board. A2.9 An applicant for the degree of EngD shall normally hold a postgraduate qualification at Masters level in an appropriate discipline, or a first degree of at least upper second class honours level in an appropriate discipline, together with significant relevant experience, or substantial postgraduate experience relevant to the project to be undertaken. There is no requirement for EngD registrations to be dependent on an MPhil with transfer procedure. Applicants shall, therefore, normally be considered suitable for direct doctoral registration either by virtue of their holding an appropriate master's qualification and or by the exceptional level of their first degree qualifications and experience. The decision shall be made by the School Research Committee. A2.10 An applicant whose work forms part of a larger group project may register for a MPhil or PhD. In such cases each individually registered project shall in itself be distinguishable for the purposes of assessment and be appropriate for the award being sought. The application shall indicate clearly each individual contribution and its relationship to the group project. For the EngD, it is strongly preferred that projects should involve a considerable element of group or team activity. In such cases, a candidate and his/her supervisors must identify his/her contribution to the group and satisfy the examiners as to his/her ability to undertake a significant role in the management and control of the project. A2.11 Where a research degree project is part of a piece of funded research, the School Research Committee shall establish to its satisfaction that the terms on which the research is funded do not detract from the fulfilment of the objectives and requirements of the candidate's research degree. A2.12 The School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution may approve an application from a person proposing to work outside the United Kingdom, and registered as a Distance Learning student, provided that: a) it has satisfactory evidence as to the facilities available for the research both in the University or partner institution and abroad; and b) the arrangements proposed for supervision enable frequent and substantial contact between the candidate and the supervisor/s based in the UK, including adequate personal contact with the supervisor/s. The candidate should normally spend not less than 2 weeks per year at the University or partner institution. A2.13 Where a candidate has previously undertaken research as a registered candidate for a research degree the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution may approve a shorter than usual registration period which takes account of all or part of the time already spent by the candidate on such research. A2.14 Where a candidate fails to make progress towards registration that is judged satisfactory by the supervisory team, the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution shall advise the candidate of this fact in writing, and identify a reasonable timescale (not normally less than four months) for improvements to be made. Should the progress be judged insufficient at the end of the stated period, the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution may require either that the candidate transfer to a different research degree or withdraw. A3 REGISTRATION A3.1 A candidate for the MPhil or PhD shall follow a programme of related studies where this is necessary for the attainment of competence in research methods and of knowledge related to the subject of the thesis. Candidates at partner institutions shall be entitled to enrol for modules taught at the University in research methods and substantive areas in support of their research projects. This programme shall be intended: a) to provide the candidate with the skills and knowledge necessary for the pursuit of the proposed research; b) to provide a body of knowledge normally associated with a degree in the field of study of the proposed research; and c) to provide breadth of knowledge in the related subjects. For candidates at partner institutions the partner institution shall submit to the Academic Registry all registration documentation for consideration and approval. Students accepted shall be enrolled as candidates for a qualification of the University and shall enrol with both the University and the partner institution. A3.2 A candidate for the degree of EngD shall have a coursework programme approved at the time of registration. Assessed coursework is an integral part of the EngD award and is intended to extend the candidate's specific technical knowledge and/or engineering project management skills. A3.3 A candidate may undertake a programme of research in which the candidate's own creative work forms, as a point of origin or reference, a significant part of the intellectual enquiry. Such creative work may be in any field (for instance, fine art, design, engineering and technology, architecture, creative writing, musical composition, film, dance and performance), but shall have been undertaken as part of the registered research programme. In such cases, the presentation and submission may be partly in other than written form. A3.4 The creative work shall be clearly presented in relation to the argument of a written thesis. The latter shall have a substantial introduction and critical commentary which shall set the creative work in its relevant historical, theoretical, critical, or design context. The thesis itself shall conform to the usual scholarly requirements and be of appropriate length (see paragraph A10.8). The creative work shall be in some permanent form (for instance, a copy of the edited texts, a collection of artefacts, video, photographic record, musical score, or diagrammatic representation) which, where practicable, shall be bound with the thesis. The application for registration shall set out the form of the candidate's intended submission and of the proposed method of assessment. A3.5 A candidate for a research degree, may undertake an integrated programme of work which, as well as the research element, shall include a programme of postgraduate study on which his/her performance shall be formally assessed. Such a course of study shall not occupy more than one third of the total period of registration and shall complement the research. A3.6 Except where permission has been given by the Research Degrees Board for the thesis and the oral examination to be in another language, the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution shall satisfy itself that the candidate has sufficient command of the English language to complete satisfactorily the programme of work and to prepare and defend a thesis in English. A3.7 A candidate for the MPhil and PhD may register on a fulltime or a parttime basis. A fulltime candidate shall normally devote on average at least 35 hours per week to the research; a parttime candidate on average at least 12 hours per week. A3.8 A candidate for the degree of EngD shall normally be required to register on a full-time basis, but this is not intended to inhibit or prescribe any specific pattern of study or attendance. A registration application should indicate that the candidate will be able to pursue the programme undistracted by alternative activities and that he/she should be able to meet the timescales and deadlines proposed in the workplan. A3.9 Registration may be backdated for up to 6 months where this 6 months does not pre-date the date of enrolment at the University. Longer periods of backdating may be permitted only exceptionally at the discretion of the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution. A3.10 For candidates at partner institutions, the partner institution shall submit all registration documentation to the Academic Registry for forwarding to the appropriate Link Tutor. A3.11 Where a candidate or the University or partner institution wishes the thesis to remain confidential for a period of time after completion of the work, application for approval shall normally be made to the Research Degrees Board at the time of registration. In cases where the need for confidentiality emerges at a subsequent stage, a special application for the thesis to remain confidential after submission shall be made immediately to the Research Degrees Board. The period approved shall normally not exceed two years from the date of the oral examination. A4 THE REGISTRATION PERIOD A4.1 The minimum and maximum periods of registration shall be as follows: Minimum Maximum MPhil (direct) Full-time 18 months 36 months Part-time 30 months 48 months PhD (via transfer from MPhil registration) Full-time 33 months 60 months Part-time 45 months 84 months PhD (direct) Full-time 33 months 60 months Part-time 36 months 84 months EngD (direct) Full-time 33 months 60 months A candidate for the EngD shall spend at least 30% of his/her registered period of study (or a minimum of one year) working in the Collaborating Establishment. A4.2 Candidates will normally be expected to reach the standard for the award for which they are registered at a point half way between the minimum and maximum periods of registration. A4.3 Where there appears to be evidence that the research is proceeding exceptionally well, the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution may approve a shorter minimum period of registration. An application for such shortening should be submitted at the same time as the application for approval of examination arrangements. A4.4 Where a candidate changes from fulltime to parttime study or vice versa, the minimum and maximum registration periods shall be calculated as if he/she were a parttime candidate. Notification of such a change shall be made on the appropriate form. A4.5 A candidate seeking a change to a registered research degree programme shall apply in writing to the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution for approval. A4.6 School Research Committees or the research team at the partner institution shall monitor biannually the progress of every registered research degree candidate to establish insofar as is reasonably possible on the information available that good progress is being made and that supervision and facilities are adequate. Upon receipt of monitoring reports from supervisors, School Research Committees or the research team at the partner institution shall take appropriate action. This may include changes in the supervisory team, recommendations to the supervisory team that the student transfer to a different research degree or, in exceptional cases, that the student be required to withdraw. Supervisors of students at partner institutions shall also submit this report of their students progress to the University Academic Registry. Students at partner institutions are encouraged to complete a progress report which should also be sent to the Academic Registry. Both sets of reports shall be considered at the Annual Progression Meeting of the relevant School. A4.7 In all cases where the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution and supervisory team are agreed that a students progress is unsatisfactory and that either transfer to a different research degree or withdrawal is required, the candidate shall be informed of this fact, in writing, by the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution. The candidate shall be given a reasonable time scale (not normally less than 4 months) for improvements to be made. Where these improvements are not made by the stated date, the candidate shall be informed in writing by the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution that a decision has been made to end the registration or to effect a transfer to a different research degree. A4.8 A candidate may appeal to the Research Degrees Board via Academic Registry against a decision of the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution. The only grounds for appeal are administrative or other irregularities. Appeals against academic judgement are not permitted. A4.9 Where the candidate is prevented by ill-health or other good cause, from making progress with the research, the registration may be suspended by the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution in its discretion, normally for not more than one year at a time. It is the candidates responsibility to inform Academic Registry or the research administrator at the partner institution of any circumstances, medical or otherwise, which may affect his/her programme of study. A4.10 A candidate shall submit the thesis to the University Academic Registry in order that it is received before the expiry of the maximum period of registration. The School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution may exceptionally extend a candidate's period of registration, normally for not more than one year at a time. A candidate seeking such an extension shall apply on the appropriate form. Any extension granted shall be notified to the candidate in writing. A4.11 Where a candidate has discontinued the research, the withdrawal of registration shall be notified to the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution on the appropriate form. A4.12 A candidate shall pay such fees as may be determined from time to time by the University and which are notified to the candidate at the beginning of each academic year. A5 SUPERVISION A5.1 A research degree candidate shall have at least two and normally not more than three supervisors. Where there are two supervisors, at least one and normally both shall be research active. At least one of the supervisors shall have successfully supervised to completion at doctoral level. A third supervisor may work in an industrial or commercial company which may be the collaborating establishment. A5.2 Supervision for candidates at partner institutions shall be provided by the partner institution depending on the requirements of each individual research project. A5.3 In the case of candidates registered for the degree of EngD, at least one supervisor shall be from the Collaborating Establishment. At least one of the supervisors shall have successfully supervised to completion at doctoral level. A supervision team shall normally have had a combined experience of supervising no fewer than two research degree candidates to successful completion. A5.4 In the case of candidates registered for the degree of MPhil, at least one of the supervisors shall have supervised at least one candidate to successful completion at that level. In the case of a PhD, or MPhil with transfer possibility to PhD, at least one of the supervisors shall have successfully supervised at least one candidate to successful completion of a PhD. Other supervisors on the team shall be research active and have expertise in the relevant field but need not have previous supervisory experience. A5.5 One supervisor shall be the Director of Studies (first supervisor) with responsibility to supervise the candidate on a regular and frequent basis. A5.6 For candidates at partner institutions Directors of Studies shall in all circumstances be academic staff of the partner institution but other supervisors may be drawn from other institutions as appropriate. All supervisors shall be nominated by the partner institution in accordance with the requirements set out in A5.1 to A5.3 above and approved by the University. A5.7 The University requires the partner institution to ensure that all its research degree supervisors undertake appropriate supervisory training. Research degree supervisors at the partner institution shall be eligible to attend the Universitys training programme for research degree supervisors run by the Universitys Research and Knowledge Transfer Office. A5.8 In addition to the supervisors, an adviser or advisers may be proposed to contribute some specialised knowledge or a link with an external organisation. A5.9 A candidate for a research degree shall be ineligible to act as supervisor for another research degree candidate. A5.10 Any proposal for a change in supervision arrangements shall be made to the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution on the appropriate form. A6 TRANSFER OF REGISTRATION FROM MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY TO DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY A6.1 A candidate initially registered for MPhil with possibility of transfer to PhD who wishes to transfer to PhD shall apply on the appropriate form to the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution when he/she has made sufficient progress on the work to provide evidence of the development to PhD. This shall normally be after 18-22 months of full-time study or the part-time equivalent. A6.2 In support of a transfer application, the candidate shall prepare for the School Research Committee (or a sub-group which includes at least one member of the Committee) or the research team at the partner institution a transfer portfolio consisting of the submission of: a) a significant body of work explaining the status of the research material to date, in a coherent format and to an appropriate standard, which demonstrates clearly an adequate understanding, knowledge, and justification of appropriate research design and methods. (6,000 to 10,000 words, or equivalent) and b) a critical evaluation of research progress to date and a clear explanation of future research to be done, its expected contribution to knowledge and/or new insights, and a programme of work for completing the project to the required standard. (3,000 to 6,000 words). These requirements are the minima set by the University. School Research Committees or the research team at the partner institution may require further evidence of good progress. A6.3 For candidates at partner institutions, the partner institution shall submit all transfer documentation to Academic Registry for forwarding to the appropriate Link Tutor. A6.4 Before approving transfer from MPhil to PhD the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution shall be satisfied that the candidate appears to have made sufficient progress and that the proposed programme provides a suitable basis for work at PhD standard which the candidate appears at that time to be capable of pursuing to completion. An oral assessment may be used by the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution in appropriate circumstances as part of its assessment of the case for transfer. A6.5 A candidate registered for the degree of MPhil only may apply for transfer to PhD. In such cases, the candidate's full progress report shall be submitted to the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution along with the application for transfer. A6.6 A candidate registered for the degree of EngD may transfer at any stage in the programme to an MPhil or PhD registration, with the approval of the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution. In such a case, the project proposal and the progress made must be deemed suitable for progression towards the alternative award. A6.7 A candidate who is registered for the degree of PhD and who is unable to complete the approved programme of work may, at any time prior to the submission of the thesis for examination, apply to the School Research Committee or the research team at the partner institution for the registration to convert to that of MPhil. A7 EXAMINATIONS - GENERAL A7.1 The examination for the MPhil and PhD shall have two stages: Firstly the submission and preliminary assessment of the thesis and secondly its defence by oral or approved alternative (see paragraph 7.3) examination. A7.2 A candidate whose programme of work includes formally assessed course work in a programme of work leading to the degree of PhD (see paragraph A3.5) shall not be permitted to proceed to a further stage of the examination for the degree until the course work examiners are satisfied with the candidate's performance. The result of the assessment shall be communicated to the examiners of the thesis. A7.3 A candidate shall normally be examined orally on the programme of work and on the field of study in which the programme lies. Where for reasons of sickness, disability or comparable valid cause the Research Degrees Board is satisfied that a candidate would be under serious disadvantage if required to undergo an oral examination, an alternative form of examination or modification to the oral examination procedure may be approved. Such approval shall not be given on the grounds that the candidate's knowledge of the language in which the thesis is presented is inadequate. A7.4 An oral examination shall normally be held in the UK. In special cases the Research Degrees Board may give approval for the examination to take place abroad. A7.5 Supervisors and others on the University or partner institution staff may be present as observers only with the agreement of the candidate and the examiners. Observers are not expected to participate in the discussion but may answer questions put to them by the Chair. The Chair shall determine whether the observers shall withdraw prior to the deliberations of the examiners on the outcome of the examination. A7.6 The Research Degrees Board shall make a decision on the reports and recommendation/s of the examiners in respect of the candidate. The power to confer the degree shall rest with the Academic Board of the University. A7.7 The examination for the EngD shall have an additional stage. The candidate is required to pass the prescribed coursework assessments before proceeding to the examination of the thesis. The nature of these assessments shall be determined at the time of registration and details of the result shall be communicated to the thesis examiners. The public presentation of the thesis will not form part of the EngD assessment, except that the degree award will be contingent upon its having taken place. A7.8 The degree of MPhil or PhD may be awarded posthumously on the basis of a thesis completed by a candidate which is ready for submission for examination, or of research completed by a candidate that is comparable in level and extent with that completed by a candidate who has completed a thesis. In such cases the Research Degrees Board shall seek evidence that the candidate would have been likely to have been successful had the oral examination taken place. A7.9 Where evidence of academic misconduct in the preparation of the thesis or other irregularities in the conduct of the examination come to light subsequent to the recommendation of the examiners, the Research Degrees Board shall consider the matter, if necessary in consultation with the examiners, and take appropriate action. A7.10 The Research Degrees Board shall ensure that all examinations are conducted and the recommendations of the examiners are presented wholly in accordance with the University's regulations. In any instance where the Research Degrees Board is made aware of a failure to comply with all the procedures of the examination process, it may declare the examination null and void and appoint new examiners. A7.11 In accordance with the Data Protection Act and University policy, candidates and supervisors are permitted to see all reports written by examiners. This fact shall be made clear to examiners at the time of their appointment. A8 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES A8.1 The Director of Studies shall via the School Research Committee or the partner institution, propose on the appropriate form the arrangements for the candidate's examination to the Research Degrees Board for approval. This should be done about three months before the expected date of the examination. The examination may not take place until the examination arrangements have been approved. In special circumstances the Research Degrees Board may act directly to appoint examiners and arrange the examination of a candidate. A8.2 For the EngD, the examiners of the thesis shall be appointed before the end of the second year of study in order that they may become familiar with the project and the nature of the external collaboration. A8.3 The University Academic Registry shall make known to the candidate the procedure to be followed for the submission of the thesis (including the number of copies to be submitted for examination) and any conditions to be satisfied before the candidate may be considered eligible for examination. A8.4 The University Academic Registry or the equivalent at the partner institution shall notify the candidate, all supervisors and the examiners of the date, time, and venue of the oral examination. A8.5 Examiners should not normally have less than 4 weeks to read and evaluate the thesis. Where the examiners have agreed to examine a longer than usual thesis (see A10.8), extra time should be permitted as determined by the examiners. The Academic Registry or the equivalent at the partner institution shall send a copy of the thesis to each examiner, and shall also send each examiner a preliminary report form and the University's regulations, and shall ensure that the examiners are properly briefed as to their duties. A8.6 The Academic Registry or the equivalent at the partner institution shall ensure that all the examiners have completed and returned the preliminary reports to the University or partner institution at least 5 days before the oral examination takes place. A9 THE CANDIDATE'S RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE EXAMINATION PROCESS A9.1 The candidate shall ensure that the thesis is submitted and received by Academic Registry or the equivalent at the partner institution before the expiry of the registration period. The number of copies of the thesis, their format and all other requirements shall be as set out in A10 below. A9.2 The submission of the thesis for examination shall be at the sole discretion of the candidate. While a candidate would be unwise to submit the thesis for examination against the advice of the supervisors, it is his/her right to do so. Equally, candidates should not assume that a supervisor's agreement to the submission of a thesis guarantees the award of the degree. A9.3 Where a candidate submits his/her thesis against the advice of the supervisors, the supervisors shall make known this fact, in writing, to the Dean of School and the Academic Registry, immediately the submission is made. The University Academic Registry shall not inform any of the examiners of this fact but shall inform the Chair of the Examination Board. A9.4 The candidate shall satisfy any conditions of eligibility for examination required by the Research Degrees Board. A9.5 The candidate shall take no part in the arrangement of the examination and shall have no formal contact with the external examiner(s) between the appointment of the examiners and the oral examination. A9.6 The candidate shall confirm, through the submission of a declaration form, that the thesis has not been submitted for a comparable academic award. The candidate shall not be precluded from incorporating in the thesis, covering a wider field, personal work which has already been submitted for a degree or comparable award, provided that it is indicated, on the declaration form and also in the thesis, which work has been so incorporated. A10 THE THESIS A10.1 Copies of the thesis shall be submitted for examination to Academic Registry or the equivalent at the partner institution. Each examiner shall each have one copy of the thesis. Further copies for distribution may be requested at the discretion of the Chair. A10.2 Theses shall be submitted for examination in perfect binding form. Perfect-binding is a method of binding single sheets by gluing them together on the spine of the document A10.3 Except with the specific permission of the Research Degrees Board, the thesis shall be presented in English. A10.4 There shall be an abstract of approximately 300 words bound into the thesis which shall provide a synopsis of the thesis stating the nature and scope of the work undertaken and of the contribution made to the knowledge of the subject treated. A10.5 The thesis shall include a statement of the candidate's objectives and shall acknowledge published or other sources of material consulted (including an appropriate bibliography) and any assistance received. A10.6 Where a candidate's research programme is part of a collaborative group project, the thesis shall indicate clearly the candidate's individual contribution and the extent of the collaboration. A10.7 The candidate shall be free to publish material in advance of the thesis but reference shall be made in the thesis to any such work. Copies of published material should either be bound in with the thesis or placed in an adequately secured pocket at the end of the thesis. A10.8 Normally the text of a PhD thesis in all disciplines and that of an EngD (excluding supplementary material such as tables, diagrams, appendices, references, and the bibliography) shall not exceed 80,000 words. Normally the text of an MPhil thesis in all disciplines (excluding supplementary material such as tables, diagrams, appendices, references, and the bibliography) shall not exceed 40,000 words. Note that these word lengths should be regarded as guidelines only. Variation is permitted according to the particular thesis and/or the discipline of the research. Concise writing and brevity is always recommended. Where the candidate's own creative work forms the point of reference and principal mode of enquiry for the thesis - or where the thesis involves the preparation of a scholarly edition - the written thesis should normally be within the range: PhD 30,000 - 40,000 words MPhil 15,000 - 20,000 words A10.9 The following requirements shall be adhered to in the format of the submitted thesis: a) the title page shall give the following information: the full title of the thesis; the full name of the author; that the degree is awarded by the University; or that the degree is awarded jointly by the University and the partner institution; the award for which the thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of its requirements; the Collaborating Establishment/s, if any; and the month and year of submission of the final and approved version of the thesis. b) the abstract, contents page(s), and full bibliography shall be included; c) all appendices submitted for examination shall be included. d) pages shall be numbered consecutively throughout the main text including photographs and/or diagrams included as whole pages; e) double, one-and-a-half, or single spacing may be used throughout the text; single spacing should be used for indented quotations or footnotes. A11 EXAMINERS AND CHAIR A11.1 All research degree oral examinations shall be chaired. A Chair shall be independent of the candidates supervisory team and shall normally be a senior academic with experience of research degree examining. A Chair is not an examiner. His/her role is to ensure that the examiners are fully apprised of, and follow, the regulations and procedures of the University relating to research degree examinations. Chairs for examinations of candidates at partner institutions are, initially, University staff. This responsibility may later be delegated to staff at the partner institution. Chairs will be appropriately trained by the University. Chairs from partner institutions will be approved by the Research Degrees Board. A11.2 A candidate shall be examined by at least two and normally not more than three examiners (except where paragraphs A12.5, A13.2, or A13.8 apply). A11.3 An internal examiner shall be defined as an examiner who is: a) a member of staff of the University or the partner institution; or b) a member of staff of the candidate's Collaborating Establishment. c) Visiting Professors, Emeritus Professors, Honorary Professors of the University or of the partner institution. A11.4 A candidates supervisor or adviser shall not be an internal examiner. A member of staff of the University or the partner institution or a member of staff of the candidates Collaborating Establishment may be an internal examiner provided he/she has at no time been connected with the candidates research. A11.5 There shall not be more than one internal examiner. An exam board may consist of: a) Two external examiners or b) One external examiner and one internal examiner or c) Two external examiners and one internal examiner A11.6 An external examiner shall be independent both of the University or the partner institution and of the Collaborating Establishment and shall not have acted previously as the candidate's supervisor or adviser. An external examiner shall normally not be either a supervisor of another candidate or an external examiner on a taught course in the same School at the University or the partner institution. Former members of staff or graduates of the University or the partner institution shall normally not be approved as external examiners until three years after the termination of their employment or studies with the University or the partner institution. For candidates at partner institutions external examiners shall be nominated by the partner institution and approved by the Research Degrees Board. Prior to appointment, an external examiner shall be asked whether he/she has had any previous connection with the candidate which might give rise to a conflict of interest. Any declared previous connection shall be evaluated and a decision made as to whether it has the potential to give rise to a conflict of interest by the Research Degrees Board before the nomination is approved. The Research Degrees Board shall ensure that the same external examiner is not approved so frequently in its opinion that his/her familiarity with the department might prejudice objective judgement. Any individual examiner shall not normally examine more than three candidates in a two-year period, followed by a minimum break of two calendar years. A11.7 Where the candidate and the internal examiner are both on the permanent staff of the same establishment, a second external examiner shall be appointed. A candidate who is on a fixed shortterm employment contract (for instance, a research assistant) shall be exempt from the requirements of this regulation. A11.8 Examiners shall be experienced in research in the general area of the candidate's thesis and, where practicable, have experience as a specialist in the topic/s to be examined. A11.9 In an examination for MPhil at least one external examiner shall have experience (that is normally not less than two previous examinations) of examining research degree candidates. In an examination for PhD or EngD, at least one external examiner shall have experience (that is, normally not less than two previous examinations) of doctoral examining. In cases where the external examiner has examined only one candidate in the past (one research degree for an MPhil examination and one PhD for a PhD examination), it is permissible to count the prior examining experience of the internal examiner. The prior experience of the examiners, taken as a whole, shall be no less than two at the appropriate level. In all cases, the external shall have examined at least one research degree at the appropriate level. In an examination involving two external examiners, the examiners shall between them have the necessary experience (that is, normally not less than two previous examinations) of examining research degrees at the appropriate level. The externals may thus have each examined one research degree or one external may have examined two research degrees, at the appropriate level. A11.10 No candidate for a research degree shall act as an examiner. A11.11 The University shall determine and pay the fees and expenses of the examiners. A12 FIRST EXAMINATION A12.1 Each examiner shall read and examine the thesis and submit, on the appropriate form, an independent preliminary report on it to Academic Registry or the equivalent at the partner institution before any oral or alternative form of examination is held. In completing the preliminary report, each examiner shall consider whether the thesis provisionally satisfies the requirements of the degree (as set out on pages 3 and 4 of these regulations) and where possible make an appropriate provisional recommendation subject to the outcome of any oral examination. A12.2 Following the oral examination the examiners shall, where they are in agreement, submit on the appropriate form, a joint report and recommendation relating to the award of the degree. This shall be given to the Chair of the oral examination for forwarding to Academic Registry. The preliminary reports and joint recommendation of the examiners shall together provide sufficiently detailed comments on the scope and quality of the work to enable the Research Degrees Board to satisfy itself that the recommendation chosen in paragraph A12.3 is correct. Where the examiners are not in agreement, separate reports and recommendations shall be submitted. The recommendations shall be made on the appropriate form. A12.3 Following the completion of the examination the examiners may recommend to Research Degrees Board that: a) the candidate be awarded the degree; b) the candidate be awarded the degree subject to minor amendments being made to the thesis (see paragraph A12.4); c) the candidate be permitted to resubmit for the degree and be reexamined, with or without an oral examination (see section A13.3); d) the candidate be not awarded the degree and be not permitted to be reexamined (see paragraphs A12.8 and A12.9); or e) in the case of a PhD examination, the candidate be awarded the degree of MPhil subject to the presentation of the thesis amended to the satisfaction of the examiners. f) in the case of the EngD examination, the candidate be awarded the degree of PhD or MPhil with or without an oral examination and subject to the presentation of the thesis amended to the satisfaction of the examiners. Examiners may indicate informally their recommendation on the result of the examination to the candidate but they shall make it clear that the decision rests with the Research Degrees Board. Chairs of oral examinations (both examinations held at the University and those held at the partner institutions) shall ensure that all exam paperwork is forwarded to Academic Registry no later than 2 working days following the oral examination. A12.4 Where the examiners are satisfied that the candidate has in general reached the standard required for the degree, but consider that the candidate's thesis requires some minor amendments and corrections not so substantial as to call for the submission of a revised thesis, and recommend to the Research Degrees Board that the degree be awarded subject to the candidate amending the thesis to the satisfaction of the internal and/or the external examiner(s) (see sub-paragraph A11.3b), they shall state in writing what amendments and corrections are required. These shall be sent by the examiners to Academic Registry for forwarding to the candidate. A12.5 Where the examiners' recommendations are not unanimous, the Research Degrees Board may: a) accept a majority recommendation (provided that the majority recommendation includes at least one external examiner); b) accept the recommendation of the external examiner; or c) require the appointment of an additional external examiner. A12.6 Where an additional external examiner is appointed under sub-paragraph A12.5c, he/she shall prepare an independent preliminary report on the basis of the thesis and, if considered necessary, may conduct a further oral examination. That examiner should not be informed of the recommendations of the other examiners. On receipt of the report from the additional examiner the Research Degrees Board shall complete the examination as set out in paragraph A7.6. A12.7 A further examination in addition to the oral examination may be requested by the examiners. In such cases the approval of the Research Degrees Board shall be sought without delay. Where such an examination is arranged following an oral examination, it shall normally be held within two calendar months of the oral examination unless the Research Degrees Board permits otherwise. Any such examination shall be deemed to be part of the candidate's first examination. A12.8 Where the preliminary report forms show that the examiners are of the opinion that no useful purpose would be served by conducting an oral examination at that stage, the Chair of the oral examination may recommend that the Research Degrees Board dispense with the oral examination and refer the thesis for further work. In such cases, the examiners shall provide Academic Registry with written guidance for the candidate concerning the deficiencies of the thesis. The examiners should not recommend that a candidate fail outright (see sub paragraph A11.3d) without holding an oral examination or other alternative examination (see paragraph A7.3) at a later date and following further work on the thesis. A12.9 Where the Research Degrees Board decides that the degree be not awarded and that no reexamination be permitted, the examiners shall prepare an agreed statement of the deficiencies of the thesis and the reason for their recommendation. This statement shall be forwarded to Academic Registry by the Chair of the oral examination. A12.10 In all cases where a submission is failed, or where the degree awarded is other than that for which the thesis was submitted, a panel of enquiry shall be set up to investigate the reasons. This shall report its conclusions to the Research Degrees Board, and appropriate action shall be agreed and implemented. A13 RE-EXAMINATION A13.1 One re-examination will normally be permitted by the Research Degrees Board subject to the following requirements: a) a candidate who fails to satisfy the examiners at the first examination, including where appropriate the oral or approved alternative examination (see paragraph A7.3) or any further examination required under paragraph A12.7 may, on the recommendation of the examiners and with the approval of the Research Degrees Board, be permitted to revise the thesis and be reexamined; b) the Chair of the Exam Board shall provide Academic Registry with written guidance on the deficiencies of the thesis which Academic Registry shall forward to the candidate. c) the candidate shall submit for re-examination in not normally less than three months and not normally more than one calendar year from the date of the oral examination. Where the Research Degrees Board has dispensed with the oral examination the reexamination shall take place within one calendar year of the date of this dispensation (see paragraph A12.8). The Research Degrees Board may, where there are good reasons, approve an extension of this period. A13.2 The Research Degrees Board may require that an additional external examiner be appointed for a reexamination. A13.3 There are five forms of reexamination: a) where the candidate's performance in the first oral or approved alternative examination (see paragraph A7.3) or further examination (see paragraph A12.7) was satisfactory but the thesis was unsatisfactory and the examiners on reexamination certify that the thesis as revised is satisfactory, the Research Degrees Board may exempt the candidate from further examination, oral or otherwise; b) where the candidate's performance in the first oral or approved alternative examination (see paragraph A7.3) or further examination (see paragraph A12.7) was unsatisfactory and the thesis was also unsatisfactory, any reexamination shall include a reexamination of the thesis and an oral or approved alternative examination (see paragraph A7.3); c) where on the first examination the candidate's thesis was so unsatisfactory that the Research Degrees Board dispensed with the oral examination (see paragraph A12.8), any reexamination shall include a reexamination of the thesis and an oral or approved alternative examination (see paragraph A7.3); d) where on the first examination the candidate's thesis was satisfactory but the performance in the oral and/or other examination(s) was not satisfactory the candidate shall be reexamined in the oral and/or other examination(s), subject to the time limits prescribed in sub-paragraph A13.1c, without being requested to revise and resubmit the thesis; e) where on the first examination the thesis was satisfactory but the candidate's performance in relation to the other requirements for the award of the degree was not satisfactory, the examiners may propose instead a different form of reexamination to test the candidate's abilities; such examination may take place only with the approval of the Research Degrees Board. A13.4 In the case of a re-examination under sub-paragraphs A13.3a, b or c, each examiner shall read and examine the thesis and submit, on the appropriate form, an independent preliminary report on it to Academic Registry, or the equivalent at the partner institution, before any oral or alternative form of examination is held. In completing the preliminary report, each examiner shall consider whether the thesis provisionally satisfies the requirements of the degree (as set out on pages 3 and 4) and where possible make an appropriate provisional recommendation subject to the outcome of any oral examination. The examiners shall make their assessment only on those issues which were raised in the first examination and which were made known to the student in the written report on the deficiencies of the thesis (A12.9). A13.5 Following the re-examination of the thesis under sub-paragraph A13.3a or following an oral or other examination under A13.3b, c, d or e, the examiners shall, where they are in agreement, submit, on the appropriate form, a joint report and recommendation relating to the award of the degree to Academic Registry. The preliminary reports and joint recommendation of the examiners shall together provide sufficiently detailed comments on the scope and quality of the work to enable the Research Degrees Board to satisfy itself that the recommendation chosen in paragraph A13.6 is correct. Where the examiners are not in agreement, separate reports and recommendations shall be submitted. The recommendations shall be made on the appropriate form. A13.6 Following the completion of the re-examination the examiners may recommend that: a) the candidate be awarded the degree; b) the candidate be awarded the degree subject to minor amendments being made to the thesis (see paragraph A13.7); c) the candidate be not awarded the degree and be not permitted to be reexamined (see paragraphs A13.11 and A13.12); or d) in the case of a PhD examination, the candidate be awarded the degree of MPhil subject to the presentation of the thesis amended to the satisfaction of the examiners. e) in the case of the EngD examination, the candidate be awarded the degree of PhD or MPhil subject to the presentation of the thesis amended to the satisfaction of the examiners. Examiners may indicate informally their recommendation on the result of the examination to the candidate but they shall make it clear that the final decision rests with the Research Degrees Board. Chairs of oral examinations (both examinations held at the University and those held at the partner institutions) shall ensure that all exam paperwork is forwarded to Academic Registry no later than 2 working days following the oral examination. A13.7 Where the examiners are satisfied that the candidate has in general reached the standard required for the degree, but consider that the candidate's thesis requires some minor amendments and corrections not so substantial as to call for the submission of a revised thesis, and recommend that the degree be awarded subject to the candidate amending the thesis to the satisfaction of the internal and/or the external examiner(s) (see sub-paragraph A13.6b). They shall state in writing what amendments and corrections are required. These shall be sent by the examiners to Academic Registry for forwarding to the candidate. A13.8 Where the examiners' recommendations are not unanimous, the Research Degrees Board may: a) accept a majority recommendation (provided that the majority includes at least one external examiner); b) accept the recommendation of the external examiner; or c) require the appointment of an additional external examiner. A13.9 Where an additional external examiner is appointed under sub-paragraph A13.8c, he/she shall prepare an independent preliminary report on the basis of the thesis and, if considered necessary, may conduct a further oral examination. That examiner should not be informed of the recommendations of the other examiners. On receipt of the report from the additional examiner the Research Degrees Board shall complete the examination as set out in paragraph A7.6. A13.10 A further examination in addition to the oral examination may be requested by the examiners. In such cases the approval of the Research Degrees Board shall be sought without delay. Where such an examination is arranged following an oral examination, it shall normally be held within two calendar months of the oral examination unless the Research Degrees Board permits otherwise. A13.11 In the case of a re-examination under sub-paragraph A13.3b, where the examiners are of the opinion that the thesis is so unsatisfactory that no useful purpose would be served by conducting an oral examination, they may recommend that the Research Degrees Board dispense with the oral examination and not award the degree under sub-paragraph A13.6c (see also paragraph A13.12). A13.12 Where the Research Degrees Board decides that the degree be not awarded, the examiners shall prepare an agreed statement of the deficiencies of the thesis and the reason for their recommendation, which shall be forwarded to the candidate by the Research and Knowledge Transfer Office. A13.13 In all cases where a resubmission is failed, or where the degree awarded is other than that for which the thesis was submitted, a panel of enquiry shall be set up to investigate the reasons. This shall report its conclusions to Research Degrees Board, and appropriate action shall be agreed and implemented. A14 LODGING THESIS IN THE RESEARCH REPOSITORY A14.1 All candidates of the University and of the partner institutions who have been awarded the degree of PhD, EngD or MPhil shall submit to Academic Registry one copy of the thesis in a suitable electronic storage medium (as decided by the University) together with a completed and signed Research Repository Agreement Form. Candidates shall not normally be awarded a degree certificate until the electronic dissertation and completed form have been received by the University. A14.2 The layout and format of the thesis shall be in accordance with the format specified in A10.3 to A10.9 above. A14.3 The electronic copy submitted to the University shall become the property of the University. Copyright in the thesis shall normally be vested in the candidate. The exceptions are set out in the Policy Statement Intellectual Property Rights: Students. The Policy Statement also explains ownership in respect of other forms of Intellectual Property which may arise from the research undertaken. A14.4 In cases, where there is a collaborating establishment, the candidate shall submit one further copy of the thesis to Academic Registry. This shall be either a hard bound copy or an electronic copy according to the requirements of the collaborating establishment. A14.5 Following receipt of the electronic copy of the thesis (and subject to regulation A14.6 below), Academic Registry shall lodge this in the University Library for inclusion in the Research Repository. Partner institution theses shall also be lodged in the Repository. In cases where there is a collaborating establishment (and subject to regulation A14.6 below), Academic Registry shall arrange for a copy of the candidates thesis to be placed in the library of the collaborating establishment. A14.6 A candidate who wishes to delay inclusion of his/her thesis in the Research Repository should write to Academic Registry giving reasons. The case for delayed inclusion will be considered by the Research Degrees Board and a decision given. A14.7 Where the Research Degrees Board has agreed that the confidential nature of the candidates work is such as to preclude the thesis being made freely available in the Research Repository (and Collaborating Establishment, if any) and, in the case of a PhD or EngD, the British Library, the thesis shall, immediately on completion of the programme of work, be retained by Academic Registry on restricted access and, for a time not exceeding the approved period, shall be made available only to those who were directly involved in the project. A14.8 The Research Degrees Board shall normally only approve an application for confidentiality in order to enable a patent application to be lodged or to protect commercially or politically sensitive material. A thesis shall not be restricted in this way in order to protect research leads. While the normal maximum period of confidentiality is two years, in exceptional circumstances the Research Degrees Board may approve a longer period. Where a shorter period would be adequate the Research Degrees Board shall not automatically grant confidentiality for two years. A14.9 Candidates shall sign the Research Repository Agreement Form but the thesis shall not be included in the Repository until after the approved time period has elapsed A15 CANDIDATES IN DEBT A15.1 No candidate shall be entitled to the award of a degree unless all fees and any other sums due to the University have been paid, and the rightful property of the University returned. A16 APPEAL A16.1 A candidate who, as a result of the recommendation of the examiners, has not been awarded the degree and who wishes to appeal against this decision should consult the University Appeal Regulations, Section F of these Regulations. SECTION B REGULATIONS FOR THE AWARD OF A RESEARCH DEGREE BY PUBLIC WORKS B1 PRINCIPLES B1.1 The Universitys Research Degrees by Public Works (MPhil and PhD) consist of the presentation of a submission and the defence of the submission at an oral examination. The submission is made up of the candidates published works undertaken prior to enrolment for the degree, and a context statement undertaken at the University or the partner institution under supervision. B1.2 A candidate must satisfy the examiners both in respect of the submission and orally in order to be awarded the degree. B1.3 The University shall consider applications for these degrees in any field for which it can offer supervision, subject to the requirement that the public works and context statement together are of the requisite standard and are capable of assessment by appropriate examiners. B1.4 Works accepted for publication but not yet published are considered eligible with a letter of verification from the publisher. Other forms of works accepted for public display or for the public domain require similar verification from an appropriate authority. B1.5 The context statement shall normally be not less than 10,000 words and not more than 30,000 words. B2 ELIGIBILITY B2.1 The University shall consider applications from staff of the University and from persons who have no connection with the University. B2.2 The partner institution shall consider applications from staff of the University and from persons who have no connection with the partner institution. B2.3 The University or partner institution shall consider an application from a person based outside the UK provided it is satisfied that the arrangements proposed for supervision enable frequent and substantial contact between the candidate and supervisor(s) based in the UK and/or its regional offices. B3 APPLICATION B3.1 A candidate shall apply for the research degree by public works by completing the appropriate form and sending this together with the current non-returnable application fee to Academic Registry. B3.2 A candidate whose list of publications or other public domain works includes works of joint authorship shall submit a signed statement to clarify his/her own contribution to these works. In the case of works of art, the collaborators shall sign such a statement. B4 ACCEPTANCE B4.1 A candidates application shall be forwarded to the appropriate School or the partner institution where the quality and quantity of the public works shall be assessed and verified. (The standards required for the PhD by public works and the MPhil by public works are given on page 3, and in the Notes of Guidance). B4.2 In cases where the outcome of the assessment is positive, the candidate shall be interviewed. B4.3 The outcomes of the assessment of all applications received, whether positive or otherwise, shall be communicated to the applicants in writing by Academic Registry. B5 PREPARATION FOR REGISTRATION B5.1 The appropriate School or the partner institution shall appoint a supervisor to prepare the candidate for registration. This shall consist in assisting the candidate in selecting the publications or other public domain works for the degree, in formulating the scheme and rationale of the context statement, and in advising on any further reading. B5.2 The supervisor shall also advise the candidate on whether he/she should be examined for the degree of MPhil by Public Works or PhD by Public Works. B5.3 The supervisor appointed by the School or the partner institution shall be experienced in supervising candidates for research degrees by thesis, or shall have supervised previously candidates for research degrees by public works. Adequate supervision shall normally be taken as a minimum of two research degrees by either route. Supervision shall be at the appropriate level experience at MPhil or PhD level for the MPhil by Public Works, and at PhD level for the PhD by Public Works. B5.4 Where a candidate fails to make progress towards registration that is judged satisfactory by the supervisor(s), the School Research Committee or the partner institution shall advise the candidate of this fact in writing, and identify a reasonable timescale (not normally less than 4 months) for improvements to be made. Should the progress be judged insufficient at the end of the stated period, the School Research Committee or the partner institution team may require either that the candidate transfer to a different degree or withdraw. B6 REGISTRATION B6.1 No later than 6 months after enrolment, the School Research Committee or the partner institution, either through a registration panel or alternative informal process, shall ensure the quality of the submission for the proposed degree, with particular regard to the content, rationale, and length of the context statement, and its relation to the Public Works. B6.2 The School Research Committee or the partner institution shall also consider whether the candidate should be assessed for the degree of PhD by Public Works or MPhil by Public Works. B7 PUBLICATIONS IN NON-WRITTEN FORM B7.1 The University shall also consider work for the degrees of MPhil and PhD by Public Works in non-written form. These may include creative works that have been made public by presentation or display, scholarly editions, software and research reports, or translations that embody research. The work must be available in a suitable form for perusal by supervisors and examiners. B7.2 Work in non-written form shall be the core work, constituting the point of reference and principal mode of enquiry, but supplemented by a shorter submission of written work. This published written work shall constitute a reasoned commentary on the other forms. B7.3 The combined works shall constitute the equivalent of a complete MPhil or PhD, as relevant, with the written content constituting at least half the intellectual contribution. B7.4 The acceptance of forms of work other than a conventional set of published works does not imply any relaxation in the academic standards for the award concerned. The normal registration process set out in B5 and B6 above also applies to non-written submissions. B7.5 The works shall be supplemented by a context statement. B8 EXAMINERS B8.1 When the supervisor is satisfied that the candidate is prepared for the examination, examination arrangements shall be proposed to Research Degrees Board via Academic Registry. B8.2 There shall be two external examiners. These shall not currently hold any appointment of the University, the partner institution or of an associated institution, nor have been a co-author of any of the works on which the candidate's application is based, and shall not be selected from an institution where the candidate is currently employed or has been recently employed. An external examiner shall normally not be either a supervisor of another candidate or an external examiner on a taught course in the same School at the University or the partner institution. Prior to appointment, an external examiner shall be asked whether he/she has had any previous connection with the candidate which might give rise to a conflict of interest. Any declared previous connection shall be evaluated and a decision made as to whether it has the potential to give rise to a conflict of interest by the Research Degrees Board before the nomination is approved. B8.3 Former members of staff of the University or the partner institution shall normally not be approved as external examiners until three years after the termination of their employment with the University or the partner institution. B8.4 The Research Degrees Board shall ensure that the same external examiner is not approved so frequently in its opinion that his/her familiarity with the department might prejudice objective judgement. An external examiner shall not normally examine more than three candidates (PhD by Public Works, PhD or MPhil) in a two-year period before being given a break of two calendar years. B8.5 In an examination for an MPhil by Public Works, the two external examiners between them shall have experience (that is normally not less than two previous examinations) of examining research degree candidates. The externals may thus have each examined one research degree or one external may have examined two research degrees. B8.6 Additionally, there may be an independent internal examiner. The independent internal examiner shall have had no supervisory or advisory contact with the candidate during the period of registration. B8.7 The oral examination shall have a Chair. B9 SUBMISSION OF PUBLIC WORKS B9.1 The candidate shall submit to Academic Registry two or three copies, appropriately bound, of all the public works on which the application is based (dependent on the number of examiners). B9.2 Normally, where journal articles form the main body of the submission, these should be bound in behind the context statement. The contents page should give details of all the articles that are included. B9.3 Where the body of written work is supplemented by work in another form, a record of that work shall also be submitted in appropriate form(s), such as video or audio recordings, CD, or any appropriate medium. Two or three copies of this record shall be submitted (dependent on the number of examiners). B10 PREVIOUS SUBMISSION OF WORKS B10.1 The candidate shall declare if any of the works on which the application is based have formed part of the submission for any other degree awarded to the candidate. Works submitted for another degree awarded to the candidate shall not form a substantial part of the candidate's submission for the award of either the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Public Works or Master of Philosophy by Public Works. B11 EXAMINATION B11.1 The candidate shall be examined viva voce. The examination board shall be composed of a Chair and examiners duly appointed by the Research Degrees Board. There shall be two external examiners. Observers shall be present only with the agreement of the candidate and the examiners. The examination shall be concerned with the content of the works submitted and any matters the examiners deem to be related thereto. B11.2 In respect of the criteria for the role of external examiner and Chair, regulation A10 shall be applied. B11.3 In examining the candidate for the degree of MPhil by public works, the examiners shall determine whether the submission fulfils the standard for this degree: B11.4 In examining a candidate for the degree of PhD by Public Works, the examiners shall determine whether the submission fulfils the standard for this degree. B11.5 Prior to the oral examination, each examiner shall be required to complete, independently and without prior consultation a preliminary report form on the public works and context statement and to submit this to Academic Registry, at least 5 days prior to the examination. This shall also apply in the case of partner institution report forms. B12 EXAMINERS' REPORT B12.1 After the examination the examiners shall report collectively on the works submitted and on the viva voce examination. They shall preferably present a joint report but are at liberty to present separate ones if they so wish. They shall jointly make one of the following recommendations to the Research Degrees Board: i that the degree be awarded; ii that the degree be awarded subject to revisions to the context statement or other revisions required by the examiners; iii that the degree be not awarded. iv that, in the case of a PhD by Public Works examination, the candidate be awarded the degree of MPhil by Public Works. B12.2 The Chair shall forward all exam documentation to Academic Registry no later than 2 working days following the oral examination. This also applies to exam documentation from the partner institution. B12.3 The recommendation of the examiners shall be considered by the Research Degrees Board, and a decision made. B12.4 If the examiners are unable to agree on a recommendation, the Research Degrees Board shall appoint an additional external examiner and shall consider the public works, the context statement. The additional external examiner shall not be informed of the recommendation of the other examiners prior to making his/her own recommendation. B12.5 In cases where it is recommended that the degree be awarded subject to revisions to the context statement, the revisions shall be approved by all examiners prior to consideration by the Research Degrees Board. B12.6 A candidate to whom the degree is not awarded may reapply at any time, provided that such an application includes substantial additional public works based upon further study and research, and a revised context statement. B12.7 A candidate to whom the degree of MPhil by Public Works is awarded may reapply for the degree of PhD by Public Works provided that such an application includes substantial additional public works based upon further study and research, and a revised context statement, or may apply to study for a PhD by thesis (see Research Degree Regulations, Section A). B12.8 In accordance with the Data Protection Act and University policy, candidates and supervisors are permitted to see all reports written by examiners. This fact shall be made clear to examiners at the time of their appointment. B13 LODGING SUBMITTED WORKS IN THE RESEARCH REPOSITORY B13. 1 Following the award of the degree of PhD by Public Works or the degree of MPhil by Public Works, the candidate shall submit to the Research and Knowledge Transfer Office one copy of the context statement in a suitable electronic medium (as decided by the University) for inclusion in the Research Repository. Where copyright arrangements permit, the candidate shall also submit to Academic Registry one copy of each of the other items of the submission in electronic format. Where copyright arrangements do not permit this, these items shall be submitted as paper copy and retained in the University Library. Partner institution context statements shall also be lodged in the Repository. Candidates are required to sign the Research Repository Agreement Form. B13.2 Disposal of the paper copies of the submission shall be at the discretion of the University but normally one full set of the submission (context statement plus publications) shall be returned to the candidate. B13.3 A candidate shall not normally be awarded a degree certificate until the electronic copy of the context statement and the accompanying public works (either in electronic or paper form) have been received by Academic Registry. B14 AWARD B14.1 The degree shall be awarded to a successful candidate by the Academic Board. The date of the award shall be the date on which the Research Degrees Board approves the award. B15 CANDIDATES IN DEBT B15.1 No candidate shall be entitled to the award of a degree unless all fees and any other sums due to the University have been paid, and the rightful property of the University returned. B16 APPEAL B16.1 A candidate who, as a result of the recommendation of the examiners, has not been awarded the degree and who wishes to appeal against this decision should consult the University Appeal Regulations, Section F of these Regulations. SECTION C REGULATIONS FOR THE DEGREE OF MA (BY RESEARCH) MSc (BY RESEARCH) AND LLM (BY RESEARCH) C1 PRINCIPLES C1.1 shall award the degrees of MA (by Research), MSc (by Research) and LLM (by Research) to candidates (including candidates from partner institutions) who successfully complete approved programmes of supervised research. The degree shall be awarded as a pass, or with merit or with distinction. C 1.2 Programmes of research may be proposed in any field of study subject to the requirement that the proposed programme is capable of leading to a dissertation containing research work of merit and to its presentation for assessment by appropriate assessors. C 1.3 Enrolment for the degree of MA (by Research), MSc (by Research) or LLM (by Research) shall take place only with the approval of the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team or by those whom it nominates to act on its behalf. C 1.4 The School Research Committee or the partner institution research team or those whom it nominates to act on its behalf shall decide in each case whether the degree to be awarded to a candidate be titled an MA (by Research) or an MSc (by Research) or an LLM (by Research). C 1.5 The dissertation shall be written in English except where permission has been given by the Research Degrees Board for another language to be used owing to the nature of the subject. In all cases, the abstract shall be in English. C2 STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE C2.1 The dissertation and any other assessment for the degree of MA (by Research), MSc (by Research) or LLM (by Research) should demonstrate that the candidate: a) has an adequate knowledge of the discipline within which the research is grounded, and of the literature relevant to the research; b) is proficient in the relevant method(s) of research; c) has successfully undertaken an independent investigation; d) can present information clearly; and e) can put forward arguments in a coherent form. f) can draw appropriate conclusions from the research. C2.2 A candidate may undertake a programme of research in which the candidates own creative work forms, as a point of origin or reference, a significant part of the intellectual enquiry. Such creative work may be in any field (for instance, fine art, design, computing, creative writing, musical composition, film, dance, or performance) but shall have been undertaken as part of the registered research programme. In such cases, the presentation and submission may be partly in non-written, but permanent, form such as computer disks, videos, musical score or collection of artefacts. The application for registration shall set out the form of the candidates intended submission, and of the proposed method of assessment. The dissertation shall conform to the usual standards as given in C2.1 above and shall be of the appropriate length (see C9.1.2). The selection and admission of candidates pursuing their research at a partner institution shall be undertaken by the partner institution. Selection and admission will be conducted in accordance with University criteria as set out in C3.1 and the relevant School Handbook. The University shall ensure that staff members at the partner institution are fully conversant with these criteria and in their application and implementation. C2.3 A candidate may not submit material for assessment which has already been submitted for another degree at , or any other university, unless the material previously submitted for another degree: a) forms only a minor part of the submission for this degree; b) is supplemented by new material; c) is appropriately integrated into the additional work completed for this degree; d) is clearly identified. C3 ENTRY QUALIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS C3.1 To gain admission to the programme leading to the award of the degree of MA (by Research), MSc (by Research), or LLM (by Research), an applicant must comply with the following entry requirements: a) attainment of an Honours degree (normally Second Class Honours or above) awarded by an approved university, in an appropriate subject, or an equivalent qualification, or b) attainment of an alternative qualification(s) and/or evidence of experience judged by the School Research Team or the partner institution research team as indicating a candidates potential for research and as satisfactory for the purposes of entry to a research degree programme. C3.2 Admission may be subject to preliminary study including an assessment as specified by the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team. In this case, enrolment for the programme will be subject to satisfactory completion of the preliminary study. The time taken for this preliminary study will not be counted towards the period of enrolment and registration permitted under these regulations for the completion of the degree. C3.3 Applicants for the degrees of MA (by Research), MSc (by Research), or LLM (by Research) may apply to spend most of the period of study away from or the partner institution, in their home countries, and with only short periods at or the partner institution. The School Research Committee or the partner institution research team may approve such distance learning applications provided that: a) it has satisfactory evidence as to the facilities available for the research both in the University or the partner institution and abroad; and b) the arrangements proposed for supervision enable frequent and substantial contact between the candidate and the supervisor based in the UK, including adequate personal contact with the supervisor. The candidate should not normally spend less than two weeks per year at the University or the partner institution . C3.4 Applicants for the degrees of MA (by Research), MSc (by Research) or LLM (by Research) shall be interviewed by at least two academic staff nominated by the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team. C3.5 Except where permission has been given by the Research Degree Board for the dissertation and oral examination to be in another language, the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team shall satisfy itself that the candidate has sufficient command of the English language to complete satisfactorily the programme of work and defend the thesis in English. C4 ENROLMENT C4.1 Candidates for the degree may enrol and begin their studies at the start of each semester. C4.2 All candidates are required to enrol at the time of admission to the programme. For candidates at partner institutions the partner institution shall submit to Academic Registry all enrolment documentation for consideration and approval by the appropriate School. Students accepted shall be enrolled as candidates for a qualification of the University and shall enrol with both the University and the partner institution. C4.3 Only enrolled candidates are entitled to supervision and access to computing, library, and other University facilities. C4.4 Candidates are required to enrol annually until they have submitted their dissertations and any other written material required for the degree. In cases where major corrections or revision and re-submission are required following the first assessment, enrolment to cover this period will also be required. C4.5 Continued enrolment and registration (see C7.1) as a candidate for the degree of MA (by Research), MSc (by Research), or LLM (by Research) shall be subject to satisfactory progress. C4.6 Candidates may enrol and register to study by full-time or part-time mode. Study by distance learning may be on a full-time or part-time basis. A full-time candidate shall normally devote an average of 35 hours per week to the programme; a part-time candidate on average at least 12 hours per week. C4.7 Candidates may change from full-time to part-time mode, or from part-time to full-time mode. This takes effect at the start of a new term. C4.8 Where a candidate has discontinued the programme, the termination of enrolment and registration shall be notified to the School Research Committee and Academic Registry by the supervisor. C5 PERIODS OF STUDY C5.1 For full-time candidates, the period of study shall be 12 months. For part-time students, the period of study shall be 24 months subject to the following exceptions: a) Permission to extend the normal period of study by up to one further semester for full-time candidates and by up to two further semesters for part-time candidates may be granted by the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team on the recommendation of the candidates supervisor. In such a case, the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team may also extend the period within which the dissertation is to be submitted, by not more than the extension in the period of study. b) The School Research Committee or the partner institution research team may permit the suspension of study on the grounds of ill-health or other good cause. The School Research Committee or the partner institution research team shall specify the length of suspension which may not exceed 3 months at a time. In such a case, the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team may also extend the period within which the dissertation is to be submitted, by no more than the length of the suspension. C5.2 Where a candidate changes from full-time to part-time study, or vice-versa, the study period shall be that for a part-time candidate. Notification of such a change shall be made in writing to the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team. C5.3 Where there appears to be evidence that the research is proceeding exceptionally well, the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team may reduce the period of study. An application for such shortening should be submitted at the same time as the application for approval of examination arrangements. C6 SUPERVISION C6.1 The School Research Committee or the partner institution research team shall appoint a supervisor for each candidate, and shall make any other supervisory arrangements deemed necessary. Supervision for candidates at partner institutions shall be provided by the partner institution. The supervisor shall be nominated by the partner institution and approved by the relevant University School Research Committee. C6.2 The supervisor shall be responsible for the overall direction of the work and shall see the candidate on a frequent and regular basis. C6.3 The School Research Committee or the partner institution research team shall appoint as supervisors only those who have had experience of supervising theses for research degrees (MPhil or PhD) and/or dissertations on taught Masters degrees. C6.4 The supervisor shall be required to submit regular reports on the work and progress of the candidate (see C7.3 below). Normally these will be required on a six-monthly basis. C7 REGISTRATION AND PROGRESS C7.1 The topic of the research shall be subject to approval by the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team. It is the responsibility of the supervisor to ensure that brief details of the research project are passed to the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team on the appropriate form within the permitted time scale. For full-time candidates, this shall not normally be later than one month after enrolment. For part-time students, this shall not normally be later than two months after enrolment. C7.2 Candidates may be required to attend lectures and seminars in support of their research. C7.3 The School Research Committee or the partner institution research team shall monitor the progress of all enrolled and registered candidates to establish insofar as is reasonably possible on the information available that good progress is being made and that supervision and facilities are adequate. Upon receipt of monitoring reports, the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team shall take appropriate action. This may include finding an additional supervisor, recommending to the supervisor that the student transfer to a taught Masters degree (see C8 below) or, in exceptional cases, that the student be required to withdraw. Supervisors of students at partner institutions shall also submit this report of their students progress to Academic Registry. The reports shall be considered at the Annual Progression Meeting of the relevant School. C7.4 In all cases where the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team and supervisor are agreed that a candidates progress is unsatisfactory and that transfer to a taught degree, or withdrawal, is required, the candidate shall be informed of this fact, in writing, by the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team. The candidate shall be given a reasonable time scale (not normally less than 2 months for those studying full-time, and not normally less than 4 months for those studying part-time) for improvements to be made. Where these improvements are not made by the stated date, the candidate shall be informed in writing by the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team that a decision has been made to terminate the enrolment, or to advise a transfer to a taught Masters degree. C7.5 A candidate who is required to withdraw may use the Complaints and Grievance Procedure for Research Students. C7.6 Where a candidate is prevented by ill-health or other cause from making progress, enrolment may be temporarily suspended (see C5.1.2 above). C7.7 Where a candidate is making good progress but cannot meet the submission date, extra time may be granted (see C5.1.1 above). C7.8 Where a candidate, or the University or the partner institution, wishes the dissertation to remain confidential for a period of time after completion of the work, application for approval shall normally be made to the Research Degrees Board at the time of registration (C7.1 above). In cases where the need for confidentiality emerges at a later stage, a special application for the dissertation to remain confidential after submission shall be made immediately to the Research Degrees Board. The period approved shall normally not exceed two years from the date of the oral assessment. C8 TRANSFER FROM MA (BY RESEARCH) OR MSc (BY RESEARCH) OR LLM (BY RESEARCH) TO A RELATED TAUGHT MASTERS PROGRAMME C8.1 Transfer from the MA (by Research) or from the MSc (by Research) or from the LLM (by Research) to a related taught Masters programme may be requested by a candidate, or recommended by the candidates supervisor at any time prior to submission of the thesis. If the candidate does not agree with the recommendation of his/her supervisor, he/she may use the Complaints and Grievance Procedure for Research Students. C9 THE DISSERTATION C9.1 Word Length and language of the Dissertation C9.1.1 The maximum number of words in the dissertation, excluding supplementary material such as tables, diagrams, appendices, references, and the bibliography, shall be as follows: For the MA (by Research): 30,000 words; For the LLM (by Research): 30,000 words; For the MSc (by Research): 20,000 words. Candidates must not exceed the word limit stated. C9.1.2 Where the dissertation is accompanied by work in non-written form and this work forms the point of reference and principal mode of enquiry for the dissertation, the dissertation shall normally be no more than: 15,000 words (for the MA (by Research)); 15,000 words (for the LLM (by Research)); 12,000 words (for the MSc (by Research)) C9.1.3 The dissertation shall be written in English except where permission has been given by the Research Degrees Board for another language to be used owing to the nature of the subject. The abstract shall always be in English. C9.2 Submission of the Dissertation C9.2.1 A candidates responsibilities in respect of submission are detailed in section A9 of these Regulations. C9.2.2 Two copies must be submitted for assessment, presented in accordance with the requirements given in the Examination Handbook for Research Degrees. C9.2.3 A candidate may submit a dissertation on two occasions only, once initially, and on one further occasion if the Research Degrees Board, based on the recommendation of the assessors, permits the dissertation to be revised and resubmitted. C9.2.4 Except as provided for in Regulation C9.2.4 below, a candidate shall be expected to submit the dissertation after completing the period of study set out in Regulation C5.1 above, and must submit the dissertation before the expiration of the maximum period of study set out in Regulation C5.1.1 above. C9.2.5 On the written recommendation of the supervisor, and with the agreement of the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team, a candidate may be permitted to submit the dissertation before the expiration of the period of study as set out in Regulation C5.3. C9.2.5 A candidate shall be deemed to have withdrawn owing to lapse of time if the dissertation has not been submitted before the completion of the maximum period of study set out in Regulation C5.1, and no application for an extension of time has been received by the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team. Application from the candidate to allow submission after this time must be made to the Research Degrees Board which shall grant permission for this only in exceptional circumstances. C9.3 Format for Submission C9.3.1 The dissertation shall be typed on A4 paper, using double or one-and-a-half spacing. C9.3.2 The dissertation shall be presented for examination in perfect-bound format and with text on the recto side only. The pages shall be numbered consecutively through the main text including photographs and/or diagrams presented as full pages. C9.3.3 An abstract of the work of approximately 300 words shall be bound in each copy immediately after the title page which shall provide an synopsis of the dissertation and stating the nature and scope of the work undertaken. C9.3.4 The title page of the dissertation shall have the title of the work, the candidates name, the degree title (either MA (by Research), or MSc (by Research) or LLM (by Research) and the year in which the dissertation is presented. C9.3.5 The dissertation shall include a statement of the candidates objectives and shall acknowledge published or other sources of material consulted (including an appropriate bibliography) and any assistance received. C9.3.6 The dissertation shall conform to the word lengths specified in C9.1.1 above. C10 ASSESSMENT - GENERAL C10.1 The assessment for the degree of MA (by Research), and MSc (by Research) and LLM (by Research) shall have two stages: Firstly the submission and preliminary assessment of the dissertation, and secondly its defence by oral, or approved alternative, assessment. C10.2 A candidate shall normally be assessed orally on the programme of work and field of study in which the programme lies. Where for reasons of sickness, disability, or comparable valid cause, the Research Degrees Board is satisfied that a candidate would be under a serious disadvantage if required to undergo an oral assessment, an alternative form of assessment, or modification to the oral assessment procedure, may be approved. Such approval shall not be given on the grounds that the candidates knowledge of the language in which the dissertation is presented is inadequate. C10.3 The oral assessment shall normally be held in the UK. In special cases, the Research Degrees Board may give approval for the assessment to take place abroad. C10.4 The Research Degrees Board shall make decisions on the reports and recommendations of the assessors in respect of the candidate. The power to confer the degree shall rest with the Academic Board of the University. C10.5 Where evidence of academic dishonesty in the preparation or the dissertation, or other irregularities in the conduct of the assessment, come to light subsequent to the recommendation of the assessors, the Research Degrees Board shall consider the matter, if necessary in consultation with the assessors, and take appropriate action in accordance with the University regulations. C10.6 The Research Degrees Board shall ensure that all assessments are conducted, and the recommendations of the assessors, are presented wholly in accordance with University regulations. In any instance where the Research Degrees Board is made aware of a failure to comply with the procedures of the assessment process, it may declare the assessment null and void, and appoint new assessors. 10.8 In accordance with the Data Protection Act and University policy, candidates and supervisors are permitted to see all reports written by assessors. This fact shall be made clear to assessors at the time of their appointment. C11 ASSESSMENT, ASSESSORS AND THE CHAIR C11.1 Application for Assessment C11.1.1 No later than 3 months before the expected date of submission, the candidates supervisor shall, via the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team, propose assessment arrangements to the Research Degrees Board for approval. C11.1.2 The assessment arrangements shall be proposed on the appropriate proforma and shall name the assessors and the Chair, and shall give the precise title of the dissertation. Where applicable, the name(s) of observers shall be given. All those persons so listed shall attend the oral assessment. (No other person may attend except with the unanimous approval of the Chair, the assessors, and the candidate). Chairs for examinations of candidates at partner institutions are, initially, University staff. This responsibility may later be delegated to staff at the partner institution. Chairs will be appropriately trained by the University. Chairs from partner institutions will be approved by the Research Degrees Board. C11.2 Assessors C11.2.1 At least one external assessor, and one internal assessor shall be appointed for each candidate. Partner institutions nominate internal and external assessors for approval by the Research Degrees Board. C11.2.2 The appointed external assessor shall have substantial experience of assessing research degrees (MPhil or PhD) and/or the oral assessment of taught Masters dissertations. C11.2.3 A candidates supervisor or adviser shall not be an internal examiner. A member of staff of the University or the partner institution or a member of staff of the candidates Collaborating Establishment may be an internal examiner provided he/she has at no time been connected with the candidates research. C11.2.4 There shall not be more than one internal assessor. C11.2.5 Where the candidate is on the permanent staff of the University or the partner institution, there shall be two external assessors. C11.2.6 An external examiner shall be independent both of the University or the partner institution and of the Collaborating Establishment and shall not have acted previously as the candidate's supervisor or adviser. An external examiner shall normally not be either a supervisor of another candidate or an external examiner on a taught course in the same School at the University or the partner institution. C11.2.7 For candidates at partner institutions external examiners shall be nominated by the partner institution and approved by the Research Degrees Board. C11.2.8 Prior to appointment, an external examiner shall be asked whether he/she has had any previous connection with the candidate which might give rise to a conflict of interest. Any declared previous connection shall be evaluated and a decision made as to whether it has the potential to give rise to a conflict of interest by the Research Degrees Board before the nomination is approved. C11.2.9 The Research Degrees Board shall ensure that the same external examiner is not approved so frequently in its opinion that his/her familiarity with the department might prejudice objective judgement. An external assessor shall not normally examine more than three candidates in a two-year period before being given a break of two calendar years. C11.2.10 The appointed external assessor shall have substantial experience (that is normally not less than two previous assessments) of assessing research degrees (MPhil or PhD) and/or the oral assessment of taught Masters dissertations. In cases where the external assessor has examined only one candidate in the past, it is permissible to count the prior examining experience of the internal assessor. The prior experience of the assessors, taken as a whole, shall be no less than the assessment of two MPhils or two taught Masters dissertations. In all cases, the external shall have assessed at least one research degree or taught Masters dissertation. C12 FIRST ASSESSMENT C12.1 Assessors Role and Responsibilities C12.1.1 The assessors shall be given no less than 4 weeks to read and evaluate the dissertation. A shorter time than this is permissible only with the assessors agreement. C12.1.2 Each assessor shall prepare an independent report on the dissertation at least five days before the oral assessment takes place. C12.1.3 Where the assessors are in agreement, they shall also prepare a joint report following the oral assessment, taking into account the original independent reports, and the candidates performance in the oral assessment, and they shall, where possible, make a joint recommendation. C12.1.4 The preliminary reports and joint recommendation of the examiners should together provide sufficiently detailed comments on the scope and quality of the work to enable the Research Degrees Board to satisfy itself that the recommendation chosen in Regulation C12.2.1 or C12.2.2 is correct. C12.1.5 In case of non-agreement between the assessors, each shall prepare a separate report. C12.1.6 The assessors shall also prepare a detailed list of amendments and/or revisions for the candidate on the appropriate proforma. C12.2 Assessors Recommendation C12.2.1 Following the initial submission and assessment of the candidates dissertation for the degree, and where the candidate has satisfied the requirements for the degree as set out in Regulation C2.1, the assessors shall recommend to the Research Degrees Board one of the following, based on the Assessment Criteria for Level 4 study: a) that the candidate be awarded the degree of MA (by Research) or MSc (by Research) or LLM (by Research) with a pass; or b) that the candidate be awarded the degree of MA (by Research) or MSc (by Research) or LLM (by Research) with merit; or (c) that the candidate be awarded the degree of MA (by Research) or MSc (by Research) or LLM (by Research) with distinction. C12.2.2 Following the initial submission and assessment of the candidates dissertation for the degree, and where the candidate has failed to satisfy the requirements of the degree as set out in Regulation C2.1, the assessors shall make one of the following recommendations to the Research Degrees Board: a) that the candidate be awarded the degree of MA (by Research) or MSc (by Research) or LLM (by Research) after he/she has made minor corrections to the dissertation to the satisfaction of the internal examiner; b) that the candidate be awarded the degree of MA (by Research) or MSc (by Research) or LLM (by Research) after he/she has made major corrections to the dissertation to the satisfaction of both examiners; c) that the dissertation be referred to the candidate for revision and re-assessment; d) that the dissertation be rejected without opportunity for resubmission and the candidate be not awarded the degree. C12.2.3 Assessors may indicate informally their recommendation on the result of the assessment to the candidate but they shall make it clear that the decision rests with the Research Degrees Board. Chairs of oral examinations (both examinations held at the University and those held at the partner institutions) shall ensure that all exam paperwork is forwarded to Academic Registry no later than 2 working days following the oral examination. C12.3 Research Degrees Board C12.3.1 Where the assessors recommendations are not unanimous (see Regulation C12.1.5 above), the Research Degrees Board may: a) accept the recommendation of the external assessor; or b) require the appointment of an additional external assessor C12.3.2 Where an additional external assessor is appointed under Regulation C12.3.1(b), he/she shall prepare an independent preliminary report on the dissertation and, if considered necessary, may conduct a further oral assessment. This assessor shall not be informed of the recommendations of the other assessors. On receipt of the report from the additional assessor, the Research Degrees Board shall complete the examination as set out in Regulation C10.4. C12.3.3 Where the Research Degrees Board decides that the dissertation be rejected with no opportunity for re-submission, the assessors shall prepare an agreed statement on the deficiencies of the dissertation, and the reasons for their recommendation. This statement shall be forwarded to the Research Degrees Board by the Chair of the oral assessment. C12.3.4 A candidate who is debarred from further assessment shall be given the opportunity to submit an appeal in accordance with the Universitys Appeals Procedure for Research Students. C13 TIMESCALES FOR CORRECTIONS AND RESUBMISSION C13.1 Minor corrections shall normally be completed by the candidate within one month of the date on which the letter informing the candidate of the result is issued by Academic Registry, unless further time is permitted by the assessors. Minor corrections shall be subject to the approval of the internal assessor. C13.2 Major corrections and resubmission shall normally be completed by the candidate within 6 months of the date on which the letter informing the candidate of the result is issued by Academic Registry, unless further time is permitted by the assessors. Major corrections will be subject to the approval of both internal and external assessors. During this time the candidate shall remain an enrolled and registered student of the University. C14 SECOND ASSESSMENT C14.1 A second assessment will be permitted where the dissertation was referred (see C12.2.2(c) above. Normally only one re-assessment will be permitted by the Research Degrees Board. C14.2 The Research Degrees Board may require that an additional external assessor be appointed for a re-assessment. C14.3 Re-assessment may be with or without an oral assessment as determined by the assessors. C14.4 In all cases of re-assessment, the assessors shall prepare an independent report on the revised dissertation. C14.5 Following the second submission and assessment of the candidates dissertation (with or without an oral assessment), and where the candidate has satisfied the requirements for the degree as set out in Regulation C2.1, the assessors shall recommend to the Research Degrees Board that the candidate be awarded the degree of MA (by Research) or MSc (by Research) or LLM (by Research) with a pass. C14.6 Following the second submission and assessment of the candidates dissertation (with or without an oral assessment), and where the candidate has failed to satisfy the requirements of the degree as set out in Regulation C2.1, the assessors shall recommend to the Research Degrees Board either that: a) that the candidate be awarded the degree of MA (by Research) or MSc (by Research) or LLM (by Research) after completion of minor corrections made to the satisfaction of the internal examiner; or b) that the dissertation be rejected without opportunity for re-submission and the candidate be not awarded the degree for which the dissertation was re-submitted. Assessors may indicate informally their recommendation on the result of the assessment to the candidate but they shall make it clear that the decision rests with the Research Degrees Board. Chairs of oral examinations (both examinations held at the University and those held at the partner institutions) shall ensure that all exam paperwork is forwarded to Academic Registry no later than 2 working days following the oral examination. C14.7 Where the assessors recommendations are not unanimous, the Research Degrees Board may: a) accept the recommendation of the external assessor; or b) require the appointment of an additional external assessor. C14.8 Where an additional external assessor is appointed under Regulation C14.6(b), he/she shall prepare an independent preliminary report on the dissertation and, if considered necessary, may conduct a further oral assessment. The assessor shall not be informed of the recommendation of the other assessors. C14.9 Where the Research Degrees Board decides that the degree be not awarded, the assessors shall prepare an agreed statement on the deficiencies of the dissertation, and the reason for their recommendation which shall be forwarded to the candidate by Academic Registry. C15 LODGING THE DISSERTATION IN THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY C15.1 All candidates of the University and of the partner institutions who have been awarded the degree of MA (by Research), or MSc (by Research), or LLM (by Research) shall submit to Academic Registry one copy of the dissertation in a suitable electronic storage medium (as decided by the University) together with a completed and signed Research Repository Agreement Form. Candidates shall not normally be awarded a degree certificate until the electronic dissertation and completed form have been received by the University. C15.2 The electronic copy submitted to the University shall become the property of the University. Copyright in the dissertation shall normally be vested in the candidate. The exceptions are set out in the Policy Statement Intellectual Property Rights: Students. The Policy Statement also explains ownership in respect of other forms of Intellectual Property which may arise from the research undertaken. C15.3 The dissertation submitted to Academic Registry shall be in accordance with the format specified in C9.3 C15.4 Following receipt of the electronic copy of the dissertation (and subject to regulation C15.4 below), Academic Registry shall lodge this in the University Library for inclusion in the Research Repository. Partner institution dissertations shall also be lodged in the Repository. C15.5 Where the Research Degrees Board has agreed that the confidential nature of the candidates work is such as to preclude the dissertation being made freely available in the University Library, the dissertation shall, immediately on completion of the programme of work, be retained by the University on restricted access and, for a time not exceeding the approved period, shall be made available only to those who were directly involved in the project. Candidates shall sign the Research Repository Agreement Form but the dissertation shall not be included in the Repository until after the approved time period has elapsed. C16 CANDIDATES IN DEBT C16.1 No candidate shall be entitled to the award of a degree unless all fees and any other sums due to the University have been paid, and the rightful property of the University returned. C17 APPEAL B17.1 A candidate who, as a result of the recommendation of the examiners, has not been awarded the degree and who wishes to appeal against this decision should consult the University Appeal Regulations, Section F of these Regulations. SECTION D REGULATIONS FOR THE AWARD OF HIGHER DOCTORATES D1 INTRODUCTION The University awards higher doctorates for work of high distinction which constitutes an original, and sustained significant contribution to the advancement of knowledge or the application of knowledge or both and where it establishes that the applicant is a leading authority in the field of study concerned. D2 AWARDS D2.1 Applications may be made for the following higher doctorates: Doctor of Laws (LLD) Doctor of Letters (DLitt) Doctor of Science (DSc) Doctor of Technology (DTech) Applicants are required to state the higher doctorate for which they wish their work to be considered. Applications should initially be made to Academic Registry. D2.2 The work submitted must be of high distinction, must constitute an original and significant and sustained contribution to the advancement of knowledge or to the application of knowledge or to both and must establish that the applicant is a leading authority in the field or fields of study concerned. The degree of Doctor of Technology is the appropriate award where the applicant's contribution has been principally to developments in the application of knowledge. D2.3 Applicants should normally be: a) holders of at least seven years' standing, of a first degree awarded or by a university in the United Kingdom or of a qualification of equivalent standard; or b) holders, of at least four years' standing, of a higher degree awarded or by a university in the United Kingdom or of a qualification of equivalent standard. D2.4 Applicants must submit three copies of the work on which the application is based. The submission may take the form of books, contributions to journals, patent specifications, reports, specifications and design studies and may also include other relevant evidence of original work. All material, other than books, must be secured in one hard-backed folder, or more if necessary, each containing a title and contents page. An application shall state which part of the submission if any, has been submitted for another academic award. The contents of a submission must be in English unless specific permission to the contrary has been given by the Research Degrees Board. D2.5 In addition to the copies of the work on which the application is based, applicants must submit one copy of each of the following, all of which must be typewritten: a) a statement of not more that 1000 words setting out the applicant's view of the nature and significance of the work submitted; b) a full statement of the extent of the applicant's contribution to work submitted involving joint authorship or other types of collaboration. The senior author (if not the applicant) would normally be required to endorse such a statement. c) a statement as to whether any of the above works had been submitted for any other degree awarded to the candidate; work submitted for a similar degree of another university may not form a substantial part of the submission. D2.6 The University shall retain on open access one copy of the full documentation submitted in support of an application which is successful. D2.7 On submission of an application accompanied by the appropriate fee the Research Degrees Board shall, by establishing a sub committee, consider whether a case for proceeding to a formal examination of the application has been established, taking whatever advice it considers appropriate. If satisfied that such a case has been established the Research Degrees Board will submit the application to two assessors who shall not be members of the University or hold any appointment in the University each of whom shall make an independent report to the University. In case of disagreement between the assessors the University may appoint a third assessor. The assessors shall be of high national standing in the research field in which the candidate is to be assessed. D3 ASSESSMENT D3.1 The assessors shall determine whether the works submitted show that the candidate has personally made a substantial and sustained contribution to knowledge and has become a signed authority in the field of fields concerned. D3.2 An assessor may seek additional information from the candidate by writing to the Chair of the Research Degrees Board. D3.3 Each assessor shall report independently his or her conclusion to the Research Degrees Board and shall recommend whether the Degree should be conferred. D3.4 The Research Degrees Board shall consider the reports of the assessors and determine whether the Degree should be conferred. If it agrees it shall so recommend to the Academic Board whose decision shall be final. D3.5 The Research Degrees Board may, if it sees fit, appoint an additional assessor and consider all the assessors reports before approving its recommendation to the Academic Board. D4 DISPOSAL OF WORKS D4.1 The disposal of the copies of the submission shall be at the discretion of the University but normally two of the three copies shall be returned to the candidate. If the Degree is conferred one copy of the submission shall be retained in the University Library. D4.2 The copy retained by the University shall become the property of the University. Copyright of the material shall normally be vested in the candidate. The exceptions are set out in the Policy Statement Intellectual Property Rights: Students. The Policy Statement also explains ownership in respect of other forms of Intellectual Property which may arise from the research undertaken. D4.3 The candidate may, however, direct that access to any unpublished work that formed part of the submission shall be restricted to those persons having written permission of the candidate, for a period of up to two years. If it is desired to extend the restriction beyond two years application must be made by writing to Academic Registry. D4.4 Where the Research Degrees Board has agreed that the confidential nature of the candidates work is such as to preclude materials being made freely available in the University Library, the work shall be retained by the University on restricted access and, for a time not exceeding the approved period, shall be made available only to those who have the necessary permission. Candidates shall sign the Research Repository Agreement Form but details of the materials shall not be included in the Repository until after the approved time period has elapsed. D5 CANDIDATES IN DEBT D5.1 No candidate shall be entitled to the award of a degree unless all fees and any other sums due to the University have been paid, and the rightful property of the University returned. D6 APPEAL D6.1 A candidate who, as a result of the recommendation of the examiners, has not been awarded the degree and who wishes to appeal against this decision should consult the University Appeal Regulations, Section F of these Regulations. SECTION EPRIVATE  REGULATIONS FOR THE AWARDS OF Arts M and Arts D Aug 2013 Version E1 PRINCIPLES E1.1 shall award the degrees of Arts M and Arts D to registered candidates who successfully complete approved programmes of supervised research in arts practice. E1.2 The submission on which candidates are assessed shall consist of both works of art and written text. E1.3 For the Arts D award, the artistic work created for the submission must be original in conception or interpretation/understanding. The written component must elicit, document, and evaluate this artistic originality. E1.4 For the Arts M award, the artistic work created must be at the forefront of its specific field. The written component must reflect on, document, and evaluate the artistic work created for the submission. E1.5 For both awards, candidates may create a single artistic work or a set or sequence of smaller but related works. The written component may similarly be a single text or a portfolio of shorter texts. E1.6 All candidates for these degrees shall undertake a supervised training programme. E1.7 The degrees are open to arts practitioners of advanced standing. E1.8 In the case of direct registration for Arts D, this may only take place following approval by the Research Degrees Board. E2 APPLICATION AND QUALIFICATIONS FOR ENROLMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF ArtsM or Arts D. E2.1 A person may apply to enrol for the Arts M or Art D degree by completing the appropriate form for the degree of: a) Arts M; b) Arts M with possibility of transfer to Arts D; or c) Arts D E2.2 An applicant for enrolment for the degree of Arts M with possibility of transfer to Arts D shall be an advanced practitioner holding a Masters degree or equivalent qualification, or holding equivalent professional experience and recognition as measured by indices such as record of public funding, commissions, or relevant professional employment. E2.3 An applicant for enrolment for the degree of Arts M shall hold a Bachelors degree or equivalent qualification, or be able to demonstrate significant professional experience. E2.4 Direct Arts D registration is not normally permitted. Exceptionally, and only by the agreement of the Research Degrees Board, candidates may be registered for Arts D direct but only in circumstances where sponsors require it. Any candidate registered direct for a Arts D shall be required to produce a Confirmation Report no later than half way through their period of research (after two years for Arts D by full-time study and after three years by part-time study). This Confirmation Report shall be treated in exactly the same way as a transfer report and a decision shall be made at School level whether registration should continue for an Arts D degree. If a decision is made that the Confirmation Report does not indicate that the research is of a standard to qualify for Arts D, then the student shall be required to terminate their registration for PhD and re-register for Arts M. The result of this decision shall be conveyed to the Research Degrees Board. E2.5 Following enrolment, all candidates shall be initially registered for the MA (by research). Registration for Arts M, or Arts M with transfer possibility to Arts D, shall depend on a successful registration panel outcome (see E3 below). E2.6 An applicant whose work forms part of a joint or larger group project may register for an Arts M or Arts M with transfer possibility to Arts D. In such cases each individually registered project shall in itself be distinguishable for the purposes of assessment and be appropriate for the award being sought. The application shall indicate clearly each individual contribution and its relationship to the group project E2.7 The School Research Committee may approve an application from a person proposing to work outside the United Kingdom, and registered as a Distance Learner if: a) it has satisfactory evidence as to the facilities available for the research both in the University and abroad; and b) the arrangements proposed for supervision enable frequent and substantial contact between the candidate and the supervisor/s based in the UK, including adequate personal contact with the supervisor/s. This includes adequate arrangements for the mandatory associated training programme. E2.8 From the time of enrolment, the candidate shall progress towards registration of the project. For full-time candidates, registration must occur no later than six months after enrolment. For part-time candidates, registration must occur no later than ten months after enrolment. E2.9 Where a candidate fails to make progress towards registration that is judged satisfactory by the supervisory team, the School Research Committee shall advise the candidate of this fact in writing, and identify a reasonable timescale (not normally less than four months) for improvements to be made. Should the progress be judged insufficient at the end of the stated period, the School Research Committee may require either that the candidate transfer to a different research degree or withdraw. E3 REGISTRATION E3.1 In approving an application for registration for the degree of Arts M, Arts M with transfer possibility to Arts D, or exceptionally for Arts D direct, the School Research Committee shall satisfy itself insofar as is reasonably possible on the available information that: a) the candidate appears suitably qualified to commence the programme; b) the candidates programme appears viable; c) the supervision arrangements appear adequate and likely to be satisfied; d) that any particular examination needs (such as an assessment carried out in stages over 2 or more years) have been fully considered. E3.2 A candidate for the Arts M or Arts D shall follow a mandatory Associated Training Programme that aims to provide a range of conceptual frameworks and tools relevant to a range of professional matters including a) commissioning or proposing advanced practice; b) identifying relations between situation and context(s) of practice; c) pursuing and effectively articulating agreed outcomes; d) exploring decision-making processes, and the place of points of reference such as professional intuition, the logic(s) of practice, and the ethics of practice; e) the relationships of the work to traditions of practice and to the relevant institutional setting; f) documentation of practice; g) evaluation E3.3 Except where permission has been given by the Research Degrees Board for the written part of the submission and the oral examination to be in another language, the School Research Committee shall satisfy itself that the candidate has sufficient command of the English language to complete satisfactorily the programme of work and to prepare and defend the programme of work in English. E3.4 A candidate for the Arts M and Arts D may register on a fulltime or a parttime basis. A fulltime candidate shall normally devote on average at least 35 hours per week to the research; a parttime candidate on average at least 12 hours per week. E3.5 Where a candidate has previously undertaken research as a registered candidate for a research degree, the School Research Committee may approve a shorter than usual registration period which takes account of all, or part, of the time already spent by the candidate on such research. E3.6 Registration may be backdated for up to 6 months where the 6 months does not pre-date the date of enrolment at the University. Longer periods of backdating may be permitted only exceptionally at the discretion of the School Research Committee. E4 THE REGISTRATION PERIOD E4.1 The minimum and maximum periods of registration shall be as follows: Minimum Maximum Arts M (direct) Full-time 18 months 36 months Part-time 30 months 48 months Arts D (via transfer from Arts M registration) Full-time 33 months 60 months Part-time 45 months 84 months Arts D (direct) Full-time 33 months 60 months Part-time 36 months 84 months E4.2 Candidates will normally be expected to reach the standard for the award for which they are registered at a point half way between the minimum and maximum periods of registration. E4.3 Where there appears to be evidence that the research is proceeding exceptionally well, the School Research Committee may approve a shorter minimum period of registration. An application for such shortening should be submitted at the same time as the application for approval of examination arrangements. E4.4 Where a candidate wishes to change from fulltime to parttime study or vice versa, he/she shall notify the School Research Committee on the appropriate form. E4.5 A candidate seeking a change to a different research degree programme (such as the MA (by research) or to a taught Masters programme shall apply in writing to the School Research Committee. E4.6 School Research Committees shall monitor annually the progress of every registered research degree candidate to establish insofar as is reasonably possible on the information available that good progress is being made and that supervision and facilities are adequate. Upon receipt of monitoring reports, the School Research Committee shall take appropriate action. This may include changes in the supervisory team, recommendations to the supervisory team that the student transfer to a different research degree or, in exceptional cases, that the student be required to withdraw. E4.7 In all cases where the School Research Committee and supervisory team are agreed that a students progress is unsatisfactory and that either transfer to a different research degree or withdrawal is required, the candidate shall be informed of this fact, in writing, by the School Research Committee. The Candidate shall be given a reasonable timescale (not normally less than 4 months) for improvements to be made. Where these improvements are not made by the stated date, the candidate shall be informed in writing by the School Research Committee that a decision has been made to end the registration or to effect a transfer to a different research degree. E4.8 A candidate may appeal to the Research Degrees Board via Academic Registry against a decision of the School Research Committee. The only grounds for appeal are administrative or other irregularities. Appeals against academic judgment are not permitted. E4.9 Where the candidate is prevented by ill-health or other good cause, from making progress with the research, the registration may be suspended by the School Research Committee in its discretion, normally for not more than one year at a time. It is the candidates responsibility to inform Academic Registry of any circumstances, medical or otherwise, which may affect his/her programme of study. E4.10 A candidate shall submit the work to Academic Registry in order that it is received before the expiry of the maximum period of registration. The School Research Committee may exceptionally extend a candidate's period of registration, normally for not more than one year at a time. A candidate seeking such an extension shall apply on the appropriate form. Any extension granted shall be notified to the candidate in writing. E4.11 Where a candidate has discontinued the research, the withdrawal of registration shall be notified to the School Research Committee and Academic Registry on the appropriate form. E4.12 A candidate shall pay such fees as may be determined from time to time by the University and which are notified to the candidate at the beginning of each academic year. E5 SUPERVISION E5.1 A research degree candidate shall have at least two and normally not more than three supervisors. Where there are two supervisors, at least one and normally both shall be research active. A third supervisor may be an arts practitioner. E5.2 In the case of candidates registered for the degree of Arts M, at least one supervisor must have had experience of supervising candidates to the successful completion of a UK research degree. In the case of an Arts D, or Arts M with transfer possibility to Arts D, one of the supervisors shall have successfully supervised at doctoral level. A supervision team shall normally have had a combined experience of supervising not fewer than two research degree candidates to successful completion. E5.3 One supervisor shall be the Director of Studies (first supervisor) with responsibility for supervising the candidate on a regular and frequent basis. E5.4 In addition to the supervisors, an adviser or advisers may be proposed to contribute some specialised knowledge or a link with an external organisation. E5.5 A candidate for a research degree shall be ineligible to act as Director of Studies for another research degree candidate. E5.6 Any proposal for a change in supervision arrangements shall be made to the School Research Committee on the appropriate form. E6 TRANSFER OF REGISTRATION FROM Arts M TO Arts D E6.1 A candidate initially registered for Arts M with possibility of transfer to Arts D who wishes to transfer to Arts D shall apply on the appropriate form to the School Research Committee when he/she has made sufficient progress on the work to provide evidence of the development to Arts D. This shall normally be between 20 and 24 months of full-time study or the part-time equivalent. E6.2 In support of a transfer application, the candidate shall prepare for the School Research Committee (or a sub-group which includes at least one member of the Team) a transfer portfolio consisting of: A significant body of work which may be a sample (or samples) of the artistic work carried out to date together with a written progress report which explains and analyses this work demonstrating clearly an adequate understanding, knowledge, and justification of appropriate research design and methods (6,000 to 10,000 words) and A clear explanation of future research to be done. This may be presented in text, drawing, computer design, or by other means and must clarify the independent and original contribution to artistic practice or interpretation/understanding that is likely to emerge. (3,000 to 6,000 words). E6.3 Before approving transfer from Arts M to Arts D, the School Research Committee shall be satisfied that the candidate appears to have made sufficient progress and that the proposed programme provides a suitable basis for work at Arts D standard which the candidate appears at that time to be capable of pursuing to completion. An oral assessment may be used by the School Research Committee in appropriate circumstances as part of its assessment of the case for transfer. E6.4 A candidate registered for the degree of Arts M only may apply for transfer to Arts D. In such cases, the candidate's full progress report shall be submitted to the School Research Committee along with the application for transfer. E6.5 A candidate who is registered for the degree of Arts D and who is unable to complete the approved programme of work may, at any time prior to the submission of the thesis for examination, apply to the School Research Committee for the registration to convert to that of Arts M. E7 THE SUBMISSION E7.1 In all cases, candidates for the degree of Arts M or Arts D shall prepare a submission consisting of both artistic work and text. The artistic work may be one large-scale work, or a set or sequence of smaller-scale works. E7.2 The written component may similarly consist of a single piece of text or a portfolio of shorter texts. E7.3 The text for the Arts D shall not normally exceed 20,000 words in total. The text for the Arts M shall not normally exceed 10,000 words in total. These totals exclude supplementary material such as diagrams, drawings, footnotes, appendices, bibliography and the like. It is recognised that word length will depend on the nature and character of the artistic project(s) and candidates at all times should be guided by their supervisory team. E7.4 Except with the permission of the Research Degrees Board, the text of the submission shall be presented in English. E7.5 Where a submission is part of a joint or group project, it shall indicate clearly the candidates individual contribution, and the extent of the collaboration. E7.6 The candidate shall be free to publish (or otherwise place in the public domain) material in advance of the submission and such publication shall be referred to in the submission. Copies of published material should accompany the submission. E8 EXAMINATIONS - GENERAL E8.1 Candidates for the degree of Arts M or Arts D shall be assessed on both their artistic work and their written work. In all cases, candidates shall also be examined orally (except where E8.3 applies). E8.2 Examiners shall view the performance, exhibition (or other artistic work) and provide a written assessment of it. In many cases, the performance, exhibition (or other artistic work) will be accompanied by text that explains and analyses the work. There is no requirement of a one-to-one match between artistic work and textual analysis but, overall, the written work provided by the candidate at some stage during the programme of study, must refer to, account for, elucidate, and integrate all the artistic works presented. The main oral examination shall occur after the conclusion of the research and, for this, the examiners shall have made available to them records of earlier examined performances, exhibitions (or other artistic works) and the examiners assessments pertaining to these. E8.3 A candidate shall normally be examined orally on the programme of work and on the field of study in which the programme lies. Where for reasons of sickness, disability or comparable valid cause the Research Degrees Board is satisfied that a candidate would be under serious disadvantage if required to undergo an oral examination, an alternative form of examination or modification to the oral examination procedure may be approved. Such approval shall not be given on the grounds that the candidate's knowledge of the language in which the text is presented is inadequate. E8.4 An oral examination shall normally be held in the UK. In special cases the Research Degrees Board may give approval for the examination to take place abroad. E8.5 Supervisors and others on the University staff may be present as observers only with the agreement of the candidate and the examiners. Observers are not expected to participate in the discussion but may answer questions put to them by the Chair. The Chair shall determine whether the observers shall withdraw prior to the deliberations of the examiners on the outcome of the examination. E8.6 The Research Degrees Board shall make a decision on the reports and recommendation/s of the examiners in respect of the candidate. The power to confer the degree shall rest with the Academic Board of the University. E8.7 The degree of Arts M or Arts D may be awarded posthumously on the basis of artistic work and textual analysis completed by a candidate which is ready for submission for examination. It may also be so awarded for such work that is not yet ready for examination but is nevertheless comparable in level and extent with that of a candidate who has completed a doctoral submission. In such cases the Research Degrees Board shall seek evidence that the candidate would have been likely to have been successful had the oral examination taken place. E8.8 Where evidence of academic misconduct in the preparation of the artistic or written work or other irregularities in the conduct of the examination come to light subsequent to the recommendation of the examiners, the Research Degrees Board shall consider the matter, if necessary in consultation with the examiners, and take appropriate action. E8.9 The Research Degrees Board shall ensure that all examinations are conducted and the recommendations of the examiners are presented wholly in accordance with the University's regulations. In any instance where the Research Degrees Board is made aware of a failure to comply with all the procedures of the examination process, it may declare the examination null and void and appoint new examiners. E9 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES E9.1 The Director of Studies shall via the School Research Committee, propose on the appropriate form the arrangements for the candidate's examination to the Research Degrees Board for approval. This should be done about three months before the expected date of the examination. The examination may not take place until the examination arrangements have been approved. In special circumstances the Research Degrees Board may act directly to appoint examiners and arrange the examination of a candidate. E9.2 In the case of an examination to be carried out in stages, the Director of Studies shall propose on the appropriate form the arrangements for the candidates examination no less than four months before the expected date of the exhibition, performance (or other). The invitation to the examiners shall make clear that, wherever possible, they shall examine all stages of the assessment including the oral examination. E9.3 Academic Registry shall make known to the candidate the procedure to be followed for the submission of the works for examination (including the number of copies of videos, computer programs, etc.) to be submitted for examination) and any conditions to be satisfied before the candidate may be considered eligible for examination. E9.4 Academic Registry shall notify the candidate, all supervisors and the examiners of the date, time, and venue of the oral examination. E9.5 Examiners should not normally have less than 4 weeks to evaluate the submission (artistic work(s) and text(s)). E9.6 Academic Registry shall send a copy of the submission (artistic work(s) and text(s)) to each examiner, and shall also send to each examiner a preliminary report form and the University's regulations, and shall ensure that the examiners are properly briefed as to their duties. E9.7 In the case of examinations carried out in stages over 2 or more years, Academic Registry shall ensure that examiners are sent previous recordings of exhibitions, performances, etc., and the completed exam report forms on these in order that they are able to assess development, continuity and relatedness of the works over time. E9.8 In the case of examinations carried out in stages, Academic Registry shall retain copies of a candidates first submission (text plus videos, catalogues, etc.) and copies of the examiners reports on these for use in the later stages of the examination process. E9.9 Academic Registry shall ensure that all the examiners have completed and returned the preliminary reports to the University at least five days before the oral examination takes place. E9.10 In the case of examinations carried out in stages in which the same examiners are unable to examine all the stages, the Director of Studies should seek approval for new examiners in accordance with the procedure given in E9.1 above. E10 THE CANDIDATE'S RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE EXAMINATION PROCESS E10.1 The candidate shall ensure that the work is submitted and received by Academic Registry before the expiry of the registration period. The number of copies, their format, and all other requirements shall be as set out in E10.7 below. The length of the written component shall be as set out in E7.3 above. The language of the written component shall be English unless another language has been permitted by the Research Degrees Board (E7.4). E10.2 The submission of the work for examination shall be at the sole discretion of the candidate. While a candidate would be unwise to submit the work for examination against the advice of the supervisors, it is his/her right to do so. Equally, candidates should not assume that a supervisor's agreement to the submission of the work (or any part of it, where the submission is in stages) guarantees the award of the degree. E10.3 Where a candidate submits his/her work against the advice of the supervisors, the supervisors shall make known this fact, in writing, to the Dean of School and Academic Registry. Academic Registry shall not inform any of the examiners of this fact but shall inform the Chair of the Examination Board. E10.4 The candidate shall satisfy any conditions of eligibility for examination required by the Research Degrees Board. E10.5 The candidate shall take no part in the arrangement of the examination and shall have no formal contact with the external examiner(s) between the appointment of the examiners and the assessment by them of the work submitted. E10.6 The candidate shall confirm, through the submission of a declaration form, that the work has not been submitted for a comparable academic award. The candidate shall not be precluded from incorporating in the submission covering a wider field, work which has already been submitted for a degree or comparable award, provided that it is indicated, on the declaration form and also in the submission which work has been so incorporated. E10.7 The candidate shall ensure that the work is submitted in accordance with the Universitys requirements: a) The text for the final submission shall be submitted for examination in perfect binding form. (Perfect-binding is a method of binding single sheets by gluing them together on the spine of the document); b) There shall be an abstract of approximately 300 words bound in with the text which shall provide a synopsis of the submission, stating the nature and scope of the work(s) undertaken, and of the contribution made to the artistic field treated in the work(s); c) The submission shall acknowledge published or other sources of material consulted (including an appropriate bibliography) and any assistance received. d) Records of artistic works (videos, catalogues, DVDs, etc.) must be presented securely. A written list of everything submitted must accompany the submission. E10.8 In the case of examinations carried out in stages, a candidate shall ensure that he/she has retained copies of all the elements of the earlier submission so that these can be sent to the examiners for the subsequent stages of the examination. E11 EXAMINERS AND CHAIR E11.1 All research degree oral examinations shall be chaired. A Chair shall be independent of the candidates supervisory team and shall normally be a senior academic with experience of research degree examining. A Chair is not an examiner. His/her role is to ensure that the examiners are fully appraised of, and follow, the regulations and procedures of the University relating to research degree examinations. In the case of examinations carried out in stages, where possible the same Chair should be used throughout. E11.2 A candidate shall be examined by at least two and normally not more than three examiners (except where paragraphs E13.5c or E14.8c apply). E11.3 An internal examiner shall be defined as an examiner who is: a) a member of staff of the University; or b) a member of staff of the candidates employing body c) Visiting Professors, Emeritus Professors, Honorary Professors of the University. E11.4 A candidates supervisor or adviser shall not be an internal examiner. A member of staff of the University or a member of staff of the candidates employing organisation may be an internal examiner provided he/she has at no time been connected with the candidates research. E11.5 There shall not be more than one internal examiner. An exam board may consist of: a) Two external examiners or b) One external examiner and one internal examiner or c) Two external examiners and one internal examiner E11.6 An external examiner shall be independent both of the University and of the Collaborating Establishment and shall not have acted previously as the candidate's supervisor or adviser. An external examiner shall normally not be either a supervisor of another candidate or an external examiner on a taught course in the same department at the University. Former members of staff of the University shall normally not be approved as external examiners until three years after the termination of their employment with the University. Prior to appointment, an external examiner shall be asked whether he/she has had any previous connection with the candidate which might give rise to a conflict of interest. Any declared previous connection shall be evaluated and a decision made as to whether it has the potential to give rise to a conflict of interest by the Research Degrees Board before the nomination is approved. The Research Degrees Board shall ensure that the same external examiner is not approved so frequently in its opinion that his/her familiarity with the department might prejudice objective judgement. An external examiner shall not normally examine more than three candidates in a two year period before being given a break of two calendar years. At the end of this time, he/she may examine three more candidates. E11.7 Where the candidate and the internal examiner are both on the permanent staff of the same establishment, a second external examiner shall be appointed. A candidate who is on a fixed shortterm employment contract (for instance, a research assistant) shall be exempt from the requirements of this regulation. E11.8 Examiners shall be experienced in research in the general area of the candidate's thesis and, where practicable, have experience as a specialist in the topic/s to be examined. At least one examiner must be an appropriately qualified arts practitioner. E11.9 Where a candidates examination is held in stages, the same examiners should be used for all the stages wherever this is possible. E11.10 In an examination for the ArtsM, at least one external examiner shall have substantial experience (that is normally two or more previous examinations) of examining research degree candidates. In an examination for ArtsD, at least one external examiner shall have substantial experience (that is, normally two or more previous examinations) of doctoral level examining. In cases where the external examiner has examined only one candidate in the past (one research degree for an ArtsM examination or one ArtsD or PhD for an ArtsD examination), it is permissible to count the prior examining experience of the internal examiner. The prior experience of the examiners, taken as a whole, shall be no less than two at the appropriate level. In all cases, the external shall have examined at least one research degree at the appropriate level. E11.11 No candidate for a research degree shall act as an examiner. E11.12 The University shall determine and pay the fees and expenses of the examiners. E12 EXAMINATION IN STAGES E12.1 In cases where the assessment is carried out in stages, the first stage shall be based on the following procedures: Each examiner shall attend/visit the performance, exhibition (or other) to be assessed and shall read the textual analysis that explains it. He/she shall complete, on the appropriate form, an independent preliminary report on it which shall be sent to the Chair of the examination panel and Academic Registry. E12.2 Following assessment of the first stage, the examiners may recommend to the Research Degrees Board that: a) the candidate pass the first stage; b) the candidate pass the first stage subject to minor amendments to the textual analysis (in cases where there is a textual analysis of the artistic work) presented; c) the candidate pass the first stage subject to a major reworking of the textual analysis (in cases where there is a textual analysis of the artistic work) presented; d) in the case of an Arts D submission, the candidate be permitted to count the performance/exhibition (or other) towards the degree of Arts M; e) in the case of an Arts M submission, the candidate be permitted to count the performance/exhibition (or other) towards the degree of MA (by research); f) the candidate be permitted to have the submission set aside and disregarded for assessment purposes; g) the candidate be not permitted to go forward to the next stage of assessment. E12.3 In the case of non agreement between the examiners, the case should be referred to the Research Degrees Board which shall either follow the judgment of the external examiner (where there is one external and one internal) or follow the judgment of the majority (where there are three examiners) or appoint an additional external examiner. E12.4 In cases where an additional examiner is appointed, he/she shall complete an independent report form on the work and shall not be informed of the recommendation of the other examiners. In cases where the work at issue is no longer available for view in its original state (for example, a dance or music performance), the examiner shall judge on the record of the work (for example, a video recording of a performance). E12.5 In the case of the examiners requiring amendments to the work (whether minor or major) these must be carried out to the satisfaction of the examiners before a candidate may be assessed on any other submission. E12.6 In the case of there being a second or third stage of the assessment (before the final examination and oral), the procedures given in E12.2 and E12.4 must be followed again, and one of the outcomes in E12.2 made in respect of each stage. E13 FINAL EXAMINATION The term final examination refers to the final stage or completion of an examination that is held in stages, or the examination based on the total submission where the submission is made at one point in time. The final examination always includes an oral examination except where E8.3 applies. The term final examination excludes re-examination. E13.1 Each examiner shall read and examine the submission and shall write, on the appropriate form, an independent preliminary report on it to Academic Registry before any oral or alternative form of examination is held. In completing the preliminary report, each examiner shall consider whether the submission provisionally satisfies the requirements of the degree (as set out on pages 1 and 2 of these regulations) and where possible make an appropriate provisional recommendation subject to the outcome of any oral examination. In cases of an examination carried out in stages, the examiners must take into consideration the earlier works and examiners reports relating to these. E13.2 Following the oral examination the examiners shall, where they are in agreement, submit on the appropriate form, a joint report and recommendation relating to the award of the degree. This shall be given to the Chair of the oral examination for forwarding to Academic Registry. The preliminary reports and joint recommendation of the examiners shall together provide sufficiently detailed comments on the scope and quality of the work to enable the Research Degrees Board to satisfy itself that the recommendation chosen in paragraph 13.3 is correct. Where the examiners are not in agreement, separate reports and recommendations shall be submitted. The recommendations shall be made on the appropriate form. E13.3 Following the completion of the examination the examiners may recommend to the Research Degrees Board that: a) the candidate be awarded the degree; b) the candidate be awarded the degree subject to minor amendments being made to the submission; c) the candidate be permitted to resubmit for the degree and be reexamined, with or without an oral examination; d) the candidate be not awarded the degree and be not permitted to be reexamined; or e) in the case of an Arts D examination, the candidate be awarded the degree of Arts M subject to the presentation of the submission amended to the satisfaction of the examiners; f) in the case of an Arts M examination, the candidate be awarded the degree of MA (by research) subject to the presentation of the submission amended to the satisfaction of the examiners. Examiners may indicate informally their recommendation on the result of the examination to the candidate but they shall make it clear that the decision rests with the Research Degrees Board. E13.4 Where the examiners require amendments to either the artistic works or the text, they shall document these fully, and submit the list to Academic Registry for forwarding to the candidate and supervisory team. E13.5 Where the examiners' recommendations are not unanimous, the Research Degrees Board may: a) accept a majority recommendation (provided that the majority recommendation includes at least one external examiner); b) accept the recommendation of the external examiner; or c) require the appointment of an additional external examiner. E13.6 Where an additional external examiner is appointed under sub-paragraph E13.5c, he/she shall prepare an independent preliminary report on the submission and, if considered necessary, may conduct a further oral examination. That examiner should not be informed of the recommendations of the other examiners. On receipt of the report from the additional examiner the Research Degrees Board shall complete the examination as set out in paragraph E8.6. E13.7 A further examination in addition to the oral examination may be requested by the examiners. In such cases the approval of the Research Degrees Board shall be sought without delay. Where such an examination is arranged following an oral examination, it shall normally be held within two calendar months of the oral examination unless the Research Degrees Board permits otherwise. Any such examination shall be deemed to be part of the candidate's first examination. E13.8 Where the preliminary report forms show that the examiners are of the opinion that no useful purpose would be served by conducting an oral examination at that stage, the Chair of the oral examination may recommend that the Research Degrees Board dispense with the oral examination and refer the submission for further work. In such cases, the examiners shall provide Academic Registry with written guidance for the candidate concerning the deficiencies of the work. The examiners should not recommend that a candidate fail outright (see sub paragraph 13.3d) without holding an oral examination or other alternative examination (see paragraph 8.3) at a later date and following further work on the submission. E13.9 Where the Research Degrees Board decides that the degree be not awarded and that no reexamination be permitted, the examiners shall prepare an agreed statement of the deficiencies of the submission and the reason for their recommendation. This statement shall be forwarded to Academic Registry by the Chair of the oral examination. E13.10 In all cases where a submission is failed, or where the degree awarded is other than that for which the work was submitted, a panel of enquiry shall be set up to investigate the reasons. This shall report its conclusions to the Research Degrees Board, and appropriate action shall be agreed and implemented. E14 RE-EXAMINATION E14.1 One re-examination will normally be permitted by the Research Degrees Board, subject to the following requirements: a) a candidate who fails to satisfy the examiners at the first examination, including where appropriate the oral or approved alternative examination (see paragraph E8.3) or any further examination required under paragraph E13.7 may, on the recommendation of the examiners and with the approval of the Research Degrees Board, be permitted to revise the submission and be reexamined; b) the Chair of the Exam Board shall provide Academic Registry with written guidance on the deficiencies of the submission which Academic Registry shall forward to the candidate. c) the candidate shall submit for re-examination in not normally less than three months and not normally more than one calendar year from the date of the oral examination. Where the Research Degrees Board has dispensed with the oral examination the reexamination shall take place within one calendar year of the date of this dispensation (see paragraph 13.8). The Research Degrees Board may, where there are good reasons, approve an extension of this period. E14.2 The Research Degrees Board may require that an additional external examiner be appointed for a reexamination. E14.3 There are five forms of reexamination: a) where the candidate's performance in the first oral or approved alternative examination (see paragraph E8.3) or further examination (see paragraph E13.7) was satisfactory but the submission was unsatisfactory and the examiners on reexamination certify that the submission as revised is satisfactory, the Research Degrees Board may exempt the candidate from further examination, oral or otherwise; b) where the candidate's performance in the first oral or approved alternative examination (see paragraph E8.3) or further examination (see paragraph E13.7) was unsatisfactory and the submission was also unsatisfactory, any reexamination shall include a reexamination of the submission and an oral or approved alternative examination (see paragraph E8.3); c) where on the first examination the candidate's submission was so unsatisfactory that the Research Degrees Board dispensed with the oral examination (see paragraph E13.8), any reexamination shall include a reexamination of the submission and an oral or approved alternative examination (see paragraph E8.3); d) where on the first examination the candidate's submission was satisfactory but the performance in the oral and/or other examination(s) was not satisfactory the candidate shall be reexamined in the oral and/or other examination(s), subject to the time limits prescribed in sub-paragraph E14.1c, without being requested to revise and resubmit the submission; e) where on the first examination the submission was satisfactory but the candidate's performance in relation to the other requirements for the award of the degree was not satisfactory, the examiners may propose instead a different form of reexamination to test the candidate's abilities; such examination may take place only with the approval of the Research Degrees Board. E14.4 In the case of a re-examination under sub-paragraphs E14.3a, b or c, each examiner shall read and examine the submission and provide, on the appropriate form, an independent preliminary report on it to Academic Registry before any oral or alternative form of examination is held. In completing the preliminary report, each examiner shall consider whether the submission provisionally satisfies the requirements of the degree and where possible make an appropriate provisional recommendation subject to the outcome of any oral examination. The examiners shall make their assessment only on those issues which were raised in the first examination and which were made known to the student in the written report on the deficiencies of the submission (E13.9). E14.5 Following the re-examination of the submission under sub-paragraph E14.3a or following an oral or other examination under E13.3b, c, d or e, the examiners shall, where they are in agreement, submit, on the appropriate form, a joint report and recommendation relating to the award of the degree to Academic Registry. The preliminary reports and joint recommendation of the examiners shall together provide sufficiently detailed comments on the scope and quality of the work to enable the Research Degrees Board to satisfy itself that the recommendation chosen in paragraph E14.6 is correct. Where the examiners are not in agreement, separate reports and recommendations shall be submitted. The recommendations shall be made on the appropriate form. E14.6 Following the completion of the re-examination the examiners may recommend that: a) the candidate be awarded the degree; b) the candidate be awarded the degree subject to minor amendments being made to the thesis (see paragraph E14.7); c) the candidate be not awarded the degree and be not permitted to be reexamined (see paragraphs E14.11 and E14.12); or d) in the case of an Arts D examination, the candidate be awarded the degree of Arts M subject to the presentation of the work amended to the satisfaction of the examiners. e) in the case of the Arts M examination, the candidate be awarded the degree of MA (by research) subject to the presentation of the work amended to the satisfaction of the examiners. Examiners may indicate informally their recommendation on the result of the examination to the candidate but they shall make it clear that the decision rests with the Research Degrees Board. E14.7 Where the examiners are satisfied that the candidate has in general reached the standard required for the degree, but consider that the candidate's work requires some minor amendments and corrections not so substantial as to call for the submission of a revised work, they shall recommend that the degree be awarded subject to the candidate amending the thesis to the satisfaction of the internal and/or the external examiner(s) (see sub-paragraph E14.6b). They shall state in writing what amendments and corrections are required. These shall be sent by the examiners to Academic Registry for forwarding to the candidate. E14.8 Where the examiners' recommendations are not unanimous, the Research Degrees Board may: a) accept a majority recommendation (provided that the majority includes at least one external examiner); b) accept the recommendation of the external examiner; or c) require the appointment of an additional external examiner. E14.9 Where an additional external examiner is appointed under sub-paragraph E14.8c, he/she shall prepare an independent preliminary report on the basis of the submission and, if considered necessary, may conduct a further oral examination. That examiner should not be informed of the recommendations of the other examiners. On receipt of the report from the additional examiner the Research Degrees Board shall complete the examination as set out in paragraph E8.6. E14.10 A further examination in addition to the oral examination may be requested by the examiners. In such cases the approval of the Research Degrees Board shall be sought without delay. Where such an examination is arranged following an oral examination, it shall normally be held within two calendar months of the oral examination unless the Research Degrees Board permits otherwise. E14.11 In the case of a re-examination under sub-paragraph E14.3b, where the examiners are of the opinion that the work is so unsatisfactory that no useful purpose would be served by conducting an oral examination, they may recommend that the Research Degrees Board dispense with the oral examination and not award the degree under sub-paragraph E14.6c (see also paragraph E14.12). E14.12 Where the Research Degrees Board decides that the degree be not awarded, the examiners shall prepare an agreed statement of the deficiencies of the thesis and the reason for their recommendation, which shall be forwarded to the candidate by Academic Registry. E14.13 In all cases where a resubmission is failed, or where the degree awarded is other than that for which the thesis was submitted, a panel of enquiry shall be set up to investigate the reasons. This shall report its conclusions to the Research Degrees Board, and appropriate action shall be agreed and implemented. E15 AFTER THE DEGREE IS AWARDED E15.1 Following the award of the degree of ArtsD or ArtsM, the candidate shall provide Academic Registry with one copy of the submission in a suitable electronic storage medium (as decided by the University). E15.2 The electronic copy submitted to the University shall become the property of the University. Copyright in the thesis shall normally be vested in the candidate. The exceptions are set out in the Policy Statement Intellectual Property Rights: Students. The Policy Statement also explains ownership in respect of other forms of Intellectual Property which may arise from the research undertaken. E15.3 In cases, where there is a collaborating establishment, the candidate shall submit one further copy of the submission to Academic Registry. This shall be either a hard bound copy or an electronic copy according to the requirements of the collaborating establishment. E15.4 Following receipt of the electronic copy of the submission (and subject to regulation E15.5 below), Academic Registry shall lodge this in the University Library for inclusion in the Research Repository. In cases where there is a collaborating establishment (and subject to regulation A15.5 below), Academic Registry shall arrange for a copy of the candidates submission to be placed in the library of the collaborating establishment. E15.5 Where the Research Degrees Board has agreed that the confidential nature of the candidate's work is such as to preclude the submission being made freely available in the library of the University (and Collaborating Establishment, if any) and the British Library, the submission shall, immediately on completion of the programme of work, be retained by the University on restricted access and, for a time not exceeding the approved period, shall be made available only to those who were directly involved in the project. The Research Degrees Board shall normally only approve an application for confidentiality in order to enable a patent application to be lodged or to protect commercially or politically sensitive material. A submission shall not be restricted in this way in order to protect research leads. While the normal maximum period of confidentiality is two years, in exceptional circumstances the Research Degrees Board may approve a longer period. Where a shorter period would be adequate the Research Degrees Board shall not automatically grant confidentiality for two years. A candidate who wishes to delay inclusion of his/her thesis in the Research Repository should write to Academic Registry giving reasons. The case for delayed inclusion will be considered and a decision given. E15.6 The following requirements shall be adhered to in the format of the written component of the submission: a) the title page shall give the following information: the full title of the submission; the full name of the author; that the degree is awarded by the University; or that the degree is awarded jointly by the University and the partner institution; the award for which the thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of its requirements; the Collaborating Establishment/s, if any; and the month and year of submission of the final and approved version of the thesis. b) the abstract, contents page(s), and full bibliography shall be included; c) all appendices submitted for examination shall be included. d) pages shall be numbered consecutively throughout the main text including photographs and/or diagrams included as whole pages; e) double, one-and-a-half, or single spacing may be used throughout the text; single spacing should be used for indented quotations or footnotes. E16 LODGING SUBMISSION IN THE RESEARCH REPOSITORY E16.1 All candidates of the University and of the partner institutions who have been awarded the degree of Arts D or Arts M shall submit to Academic Registry one copy of the submission in a suitable electronic storage medium (as decided by the University) together with a completed and signed Research Repository Agreement Form. Candidates shall not normally be awarded a degree certificate until the electronic submission and completed form have been received by the University. E16.2 The electronic copy submitted to the University shall become the property of the University. Copyright in the thesis shall normally be vested in the candidate. The exceptions are set out in the Policy Statement Intellectual Property Rights: Students. The Policy Statement also explains ownership in respect of other forms of Intellectual Property which may arise from the research undertaken. E16.3 Following receipt of the electronic copy of the thesis (and subject to regulation E16.4 below), Academic Registry shall lodge this in the University Library for inclusion in the Research Repository. E16.4 Where the Research Degrees Board has agreed that the confidential nature of the candidates work is such as to preclude the thesis being made freely available in the Research Repository, the thesis shall, immediately on completion of the programme of work, be retained by Academic Registry on restricted access and, for a time not exceeding the approved period, shall be made available only to those who were directly involved in the project. Candidates shall sign the Research Repository Agreement Form but the thesis shall not be included in the Repository until after the approved time period has elapsed. E17 CANDIDATES IN DEBT D5.1 No candidate shall be entitled to the award of a degree unless all fees and any other sums due to the University have been paid, and the rightful property of the University returned. E18 APPEAL D6.1 A candidate who, as a result of the recommendation of the examiners, has not been awarded the degree and who wishes to appeal against this decision should consult the University Appeal Regulations, Section F of these Regulations. SECTION F APPEALS PROCEDURE FOR RESEARCH DEGREE CANDIDATES F1 Research degree candidates have the right to appeal to Academic Board against decisions taken by the Research Degrees Board upon the recommendations made by the examiners. This right extends to candidates of the University and of partner institutions registered for the degrees of PhD, MPhil, or MA (by research), MSc (by research), LLM (by research), or MTh; ArtsD or ArtsM; PhD by Public Works or MPhil by Public Works; also to candidates who have progressed to Part 2 (the research project) of an MProf or DProf degree, or its special validated pathways; or for those registered for the MProf by Public Works, the DProf by Public Works, or its special validated pathways whether full-time, part-time, self-funded, funded by or by an external body, and includes members of University staff registered for a research degree in their capacity as students. An appeal against a particular decision may only be based on the grounds that there: a) circumstances affecting the candidate's performance of which the examiners were not aware at the viva-voca examination and which the candidate, for good reasons, could not divulge at the time (including the existence of exceptional circumstances which could not have been known to the candidate prior to the submission of the thesis); b) is evidence of a procedural irregularity in the conduct of the examination (including administrative error) of such a nature as to cause doubt as to whether the result might have been different had there not been such irregularity; c) is evidence of unfair or improper assessment on the part of one or more of the examiners. F2 Candidates may not challenge the academic judgement of the examiners and appeals made on this basis will be rejected. F3 Inadequacy of supervision or any other administrative procedure at any stage before the submission of the thesis should, in the absence of exceptional circumstances, have been dealt with under the Complaints and Grievance Procedure and under the University Student Charter. F4 A candidate wishing to appeal should give notice of his/her request for a review (intention to appeal) within one month of receiving the written decision of the Research Degrees Board of the outcome of the examination or re-examination. F5 Candidates must submit a written case for the review within a further month from the date of giving notice of the intention to appeal. F6 Written notice of the intention to appeal and the written case for review should be submitted to the Deputy Vice-Chancellor Academic. The Deputy Vice-Chancellor Academic will be responsible for interpreting and applying University regulations as they apply to an appeal by a research degree candidate. F7 Candidates shall receive regular communication from Academic Registry regarding the progress of their appeal. F8 The procedure for considering an appeal shall be as follows: a) an Appeal Panel shall be established consisting of: - the Deputy Vice-Chancellor Academic (or nominee) who shall chair the panel - at least two senior staff experienced in research degree supervision and examining who are not members of the Research Degrees Board, who shall be appointed by the Vice-Chancellor Academic. - a staff member of Academic Registry (Secretary) b) Members of the Panel shall have had no previous involvement in the case. Previous involvement is defined as having supervised, advised, or counselled the candidate about the project or advised or counselled the supervisors about matters pertaining to the project. Consideration of the initial registration and/or subsequent transfer from MPhil to PhD registration etc. of a candidate by a member of the Research Degrees Board or a School Research Committee does not constitute involvement. c) the Review Panel shall consider the evidence which shall include: - the candidate's written case; - a report prepared by the Deputy Vice-Chancellor Academic (or nominee); - the examiners' preliminary and final reports; - the candidate's thesis. F9 The candidate shall have the right to be heard in person and to speak to his/her written case. S/he may be accompanied by a person of her/his choice, but may not seek legal representation at a hearing of the Panel. F10 The Appeal Panel shall have the power to invite the examiners to present an oral or written report to the Panel and shall normally do so. F11 The Appeal Panel shall have the power to question any member of the University staff, the candidate's external supervisor/s (if any) and the internal and external examiners. F12 Candidates shall receive a written statement of the reasons for failure prepared by examiners after the examination. F13 The Review Panel shall examine the case presented by the candidate, ensure that it falls within the remit of the University Regulations and establish whether there is a prima facie case as detailed in paragraph 1 above. It shall establish this principally by enquiring whether the final decision by the examiners was fair and sound. F14 The examiners shall be informed that an appeal has been made and told that the Panel may find it necessary to approach them on issues raised by the candidate. F15 The examiners shall be assured that issues to be considered by the Panel will be confined to those which fall within the scope of the University's Research Degree Appeals Regulations. F16 The Panel may need to meet on several occasions before determining its recommendations to the Research Degrees Board. F17 The examiners shall be informed of the outcome of the Panel's deliberations and of the decision of the Research Degrees Board. F18 The Appeal Review Panel shall make one of the following recommendations: a) that the appeal be rejected by the Research Degrees Board; b) that the Research Degrees Board under powers delegated by the Academic Board, shall invite the original examiners to reconsider their decision in accordance with approved Regulations and Procedures; c) that the Research Degrees Board appoint new examiners to conduct the examination as if for the first time. The Panel has no powers to recommend that the original recommendation of the examiners be set aside other than in respect of F1 to F3 above. F19 The Research Degrees Board or Chair of this Committee shall receive the recommendations of the Review Panel and take appropriate action. F20 Academic Registry shall communicate the decision of the Research Degrees Board to the candidate setting out the reasons for the decision and informing the candidate that the Appeals Procedure of the University has been completed. F21 In normal circumstances, the University shall aim to complete the appeal process within four months from receipt of the full appeal. F22 Should the candidate wish to take the matter externally, to the Higher Education Independent Adjudicator (OIA), he/she must: Step 1: view his/her appeal file (by contacting the Secretary to the Research Degrees Board, Academic Registry); Step2: put any concerns about the appeal outcome, or its conduct, or the appeals procedures in writing to the Secretary of the Research Degrees Board. The candidate shall receive a full written response which includes confirmation that the internal procedures of the University have been completed. F23 Within 3 months of receiving notification that the internal procedures of the University have been completed, the candidate may approach the Higher Education Independent Adjudicator (OIA), enclosing a copy of the final decision of the University and stating reasons for redress. The OIAs address is: 3rd Floor, Kings Reach, 38-50 Kings Road, Reading, RG1 3AA, UK. Email enquiries may be sent to: enquiries@oiahe.org.uk. The website address is: www.oiahe.org.uk. SECTION G COMPLAINTS AND GRIEVANCE PROCEDURES G1 INTRODUCTION G1.1 These procedures are for use by any student of the University or of a partner institution, registered for the degree of PhD, MPhil, or MA (by research), MSc (by research), LLM (by research), or MTh; Arts D or Arts M; PhD by Public Works or MPhil by Public Works; also to candidates who have progressed to Part 2 (the research project) of an MProf or DProf degree, or its special validated pathways; or for those registered for the MProf by Public Works, the DProf by Public Works, or its special validated pathways whether full-time, part-time, or distance learning, self-funded, funded by or by an external body, and includes members of University staff registered for a research degree in their capacity as students. G1.2 These procedures seek to ensure that complaints against the University made by students are treated seriously and, if found to be valid, are acted upon to ensure that the students interests are protected as far as it is possible for the University to do so. However, it is desirable that, wherever possible, student complaints and grievances should be resolved at School level (or, in the case of partner institutions, at partner institution level) so that these procedures do not need to be invoked. GF1.3 Specific procedures exist already for dealing with the following student complaints. These are: appeals against examination decisions of the Research Degrees Board; alleged harassment; alleged inequality of opportunity; and complaints which fall within the remit of the Universitys student disciplinary procedures. G1.4 Complaints against Students Union are dealt with by the Union. G1.5 The procedures detailed below are designed for all other forms of student complaints which do not fall within one of the above procedures. They include, but are not limited to, inadequate facilities for academic study, or inadequate supervision (such as the late return of work, or insufficient supervisory meetings or insufficient guidance to permit expected progress) where these are persistent and cannot be resolved through simpler procedures. These procedures also cover termination by a School of a students registration for a research degree. G2 PRINCIPLES WHICH UNDERPIN THE GENERAL STUDENT COMPLAINTS PROCEDURES The guiding principles of these procedures are that complaints shall be: treated seriously and with fairness; dealt with quickly, simply and at a level of the School or Service as far as is possible; treated consistently across the University; subject to the principles of natural justice; progressed through two stages - an informal stage and, if necessary, a formal stage; dealt with and resolved wherever possible, at the informal stage, and shall be without prejudice to a students or group of students right to pursue legal remedies outside the University. G3 PROCEDURES G3.1 Reference to the following complaints procedures should be necessary only in exceptional circumstances since most complaints, other than those related to persistent problems, should be resolved informally between student and Director of Studies and/or other members of the supervisory team. G3.2 Informal Stage 1: In the first instance, students who wish to make a complaint shall discuss it with their Deputy Dean who will advise whether or not the complaint is best progressed through: one of the alternative procedures set out in paragraph 1.2 or these general complaints procedures G3.3 Assuming it is agreed that the complaint shall be progressed through these general procedures, the Deputy Dean consulted shall discuss the complaint fully with the student, and anyone else involved, to see if it can be resolved informally. This may involve referral of the complaint to a third party who shall be a nominee of the Deputy Dean. The outcome of complaints dealt with informally should be briefly documented. Normally, complaints handled through Informal stage 1 shall be dealt with within, at most, ten working days. If the complaint directly involves the Deputy Dean, it shall proceed directly to Informal Stage 2. G3.4 Informal Stage 2: If the student is dissatisfied with the result of Informal Stage 1, or if the complaint directly involves the Deputy Dean, the complaint shall be sent in writing to the Dean of School responsible for the programme to which the student is formally aligned. The written complaint shall summarize the relevant background to, and fact of, the case and shall state the outcome of Informal Stage 1. An annexe shall be provided with copies of papers related to Informal Stage 1. If the complaint directly involves the Dean of School, it shall proceed directly to the Formal Stage. The Dean to whom the complaint is referred shall investigate the complaint fully and shall seek to achieve an informal resolution of the problem(s), either by correspondence or discussion. In the case of student complaints at partner institutions, the informal stages above should be handled within the institution by the staff members carrying out equivalent roles but following these procedures and time scales. Where the complaint cannot be resolved informally, the matter should be referred on to the University so that the formal stages below can be used. G3.5 Formal Stage: If a student is dissatisfied with the result of the two informal stages, he/she shall proceed to the Formal Stage. The complaint shall be put in writing to the Director of Research, Research and Knowledge Transfer Office. The written complaint shall summarise the relevant background to, and facts of, the case and shall state the outcomes of Informal Stages 1 and 2 and give the reasons why he/she is dissatisfied with these outcomes. An annexe shall be provided with copies of papers related to Informal Stages 1 and 2. The Director of Research, Research and Knowledge Transfer Office shall normally: acknowledge receipt of the written complaint within three working days; advise in writing and within three working days, any member(s) of staff or students involved that a formal complaint has been received; and shall consider the evidence, written or otherwise, and, if necessary, hold such discussions with the complainant and any other persons deemed appropriate in order to fully investigate the complaint. G3.6 The Director of Research, Research and Knowledge Transfer Office, having fully investigated the complaint over a period not normally exceeding ten working days from its receipt, shall decide whether: the complaint should be progressed through other procedures (e.g. disciplinary procedures or other procedures indicated in paragraph 1.2) in which case the complaint shall be terminated at this stage; or whether there is justification for the complaint; or whether there is no justification for the complaint. G3.7 The Director of Research, Research and Knowledge Transfer Office shall: make their decision known in writing to the student and to members of staff involved; seek to resolve any justifiable complaint through recommendations which all parties involved in the complaint shall be invited to accept; and shall, if the recommendations are agreed, ensure that they are implemented in full within the agreed time period. G3.8 Appeal If the student is not satisfied with the decision at the conclusion of the Formal stage or if the recommendations made at this stage are not implemented, he/she may appeal to the Deputy Vice-Chancellor Academic. The student shall submit the appeal in writing within ten working days of receiving the outcome of the Formal Stage. The written appeal shall summarize the relevant background to, and facts of, the case and state the outcomes of both Informal Stages and of the Formal Stage. An annexe shall be provided with copies of papers related to all these stages. The Deputy Vice-Chancellor Academic receiving the appeal shall normally: acknowledge its receipt within three working days; decide to enforce the implementation of the recommendations made at the end of the Formal stage; or dismiss the case, giving reasons in writing; or seek agreement to an alternative set of recommendations; or determine whether there are sufficient grounds to convene a Research Student Complaint Panel and, if so, shall establish a Research Student Complaint Panel to hear the appeal. In such cases the decision of the Complaint Panel shall be final. G3.9 The Complaints Panel G3.9.1 Membership The Research Student Complaints Panel shall involve four persons: - The Deputy Vice-Chancellor Academic who shall chair the Panel - A member of the Research Degrees Board who is not from the School about which the complaint is being made and who has had no connection with the student at any time. - A student representative appointed by the students union. - The Academic Registrar or nominee (Secretary) G3.9.2 Rights of the Parties G3.9.2.1 The candidate shall have the right to be heard in person and to speak his or her written case to the Panel. G3.9.2.2 Staff about whom the complaint is being made shall have the right to be heard in person and to speak their written case to the Panel. G3.9.2.3 The student making the complaint and the staff member(s) about whom the complaint is being made may be accompanied by a person of their choosing, but may not seek legal representation at the hearing. G3.9.2.4 The Complaints Panel shall have the right to question any member of the University staff including the students supervisors and the School Deputy Dean. G3.9.2.5 The student and staff members involved directly in the complaint and persons accompanying them shall be permitted to question any persons giving evidence to the meeting. G3.9.2.6 The student and staff members shall have the right to introduce documents to the panel. (see G3.9.3.2 below) G3.9.3 Procedures in Preparation for the Hearing G3.9.3.1 The Academic Registrar or nominee shall inform the student and academic staff concerned (including any such staff to be called as witnesses) in writing of the date, time and venue of the hearing. This shall normally be done no less than 15 working days prior to the hearing. G3.9.3.2 Written statements and other documentation to be copied for the hearing, submitted by the student or academic staff (see G3.9.2.6 above) shall be sent to the Academic Registrar or nominee normally within 5 working days of the date of the letter giving details the hearing. (G3.9.3.1 above) G3.9.3.3 The Academic Registrar or nominee shall ensure that all such statements and documentation are circulated no less than 5 working days to the other party and to all members of the panel. G3.9.3.4 If the student or staff member(s) involved intend to be accompanied (see G3.9.2.3 above), the name and address of the accompanying person(s) shall be notified to the Academic Registrar or nominee no less than 24 hours prior to the hearing. G3.9.4 Conduct of the Panel The Panel shall meet in private. The Panel shall initially decide and then inform all parties concerned how it will conduct the hearing subject to the procedures being consistent with the principles of these general complaints procedures and of these procedural rules. The Panel shall establish the exact nature of the complaint, establish the facts as far as it is possible to do so, consider the facts and determine its decision. A written report of the hearing shall be made by the Academic Registrar or nominee. G3.9.5 Outcome The Academic Registrar or nominee shall send the report of the hearing to the Dean of School, and Deputy Dean of School. The Academic Registrar or nominee shall communicate the decision of the Complaints Panel to the candidate setting out the reasons for the decision. The Dean of School shall write a report identifying the action taken by the School, normally within 6 weeks from the date of the Complaints Panel hearing, for consideration by the Deputy Vice-Chancellor Academic. If the Deputy Vice-Chancellor Academic is convinced by the complainant that the outcome has not been satisfactorily responded to, the former shall take whatever actions are necessary to ensure the outcomes are complied with within a minimal period. The Academic Registrar or nominee shall then write to the student stating that the internal procedures of the University have been completed. G4 OFFICE OF THE INDEPENDENT ADJUDICATOR FOR HIGHER EDUCATION (OIA) G4.1 Should the student wish to take the matter externally, to the Higher Education Independent Adjudicator (OIA), he/she must: Step 1: view his/her complaints file (by contacting the Secretary of the Research Degrees Board). Step 2: put any concern about the outcome, the conduct of the procedures, or the procedures themselves in writing to the Secretary of the Research Degrees Board. The student shall receive a full written response which includes confirmation that the internal procedures of the University have been completed. G4.2 Within 3 months of receiving notification that the internal procedures of the University have been completed, the student may approach the Higher Education Independent Adjudicator (OIA), enclosing a copy of the final decision of the University and stating reasons for seeking redress. The OIAs address is: 3rd Floor, Kings Reach, 38-50 Kings Road, Reading, RG1 3AA, UK. Email enquiries may be sent to: enquiries@oiahe.org.uk. G5 NOTES G5.1 In these procedures: a reference to a research student is taken to mean any student of the University or of a partner institution registered for the degree of PhD, MPhil, or MA (by research), MSc (by research), LLM (by research), or MTh; PhD by Public Works or MPhil by Public Works; or the ArtsD or ArtsM; also to candidates who have progressed to Part 2 (the research project) of an MProf or DProf degree, or its special validated pathways; or for those registered for the MProf by Public Works, the DProf by Public Works, or its special validated pathways whether full-time, part-time, distance learning, self-funded, funded by or by an external body, and includes members of University staff registered for a research degree in their capacity as students. in the absence (e.g. vacation or illness) of the person holding a named post in the procedures, the person deputising for them during the time of their absence shall substitute. In cases when the complaint involves the nominated deputy, a member of the Executive shall be consulted and shall determine who shall be responsible for handling the complaint. G5.2 Interpretation: the Deputy Vice-Chancellor Academic is responsible for interpreting these procedures and his/her decision shall be final except in cases where the interpretation involves a complaint against the Deputy Vice-chancellor Academic in which case interpretation of the procedures shall be the responsibility of the Vice-Chancellor. working day refers to a day on which the University is normally open; it does not include Saturday, Sunday, Bank Holidays, or other designated periods of closure outside the academic terms.  The two-week per year requirement may be waived in the following circumstances: (1) where a supervisor (who is an academic member of staff at or the partner institution) visits the overseas institution frequently or for an extended period and is able to supervise the student or (2) where a supervisor from the overseas institution has been approved by the School Research Committee or the partner institution research team to undertake most of the supervision.  Registration of the project takes place one to two months later see 7.1 below.  Fees are payable by the candidate for these extra semesters. The full-time fee is payable for full-time study and the part-time fee for part-time study.  No additional fee will be required of the candidate for this. The fee already paid by the candidate for the MA/MSc by Research programme will cover the extra lectures and seminars.  An external assessor is independent of the University or the partner institution. He/she must not have acted previously as the candidates supervisor or adviser. Former or the partner institution staff will not normally be approved as external assessors until 3 years after the termination of their employment with the University.  An internal assessor is defined as an assessor who is: (a) a member of the University or the partner institution staff or (b) a Visiting Professor, or an Emeritus Professor, or an Honorary Professor.  Substantial examining experience is normally taken to be the examination of 2 such degrees.  Minor corrections are matters which do not alter the results and/or conclusions of the dissertation in any significant way. They may be errors or omissions of a clerical nature, or minor changes in phraseology or small improvements in descriptions or explanations, corrections of faults in subsidiary arguments.  Major corrections are matters which are in excess of minor corrections but not, in the opinion of the assessor, sufficient to require the candidate to re-submit the full work for second assessment. Such modifications may involve re-writing sections, correction of calculations, or clarification and amendment of arguments.  Revision and re-submission reflects that substantial revisions are required to make the dissertation acceptable, involving, for example, the re-writing of large sections, or the introduction of significant new material, or of further experiments, calculations or research, or profound correction of an argument.     PAGE  Research and Knowledge Transfer Office Page  PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 55 Research and Knowledge Transfer Office Page  PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 76 !tx y z  ̵zod\TI>htH{h CJaJh+h+CJ^JhCJ^Jh+CJ^Jh+56CJ^Jh56CJ^Jh+CJ^JaJh CJ^JaJh8h85CJ^JaJh85CJ^JaJh8h 5CJ^JaJh8h8CJ^JaJh8CJ^JaJh8h CJ^JaJh8h CJaJh8CJaJ&jh+CJUaJmHnHtHu!9_u + / > P b w x y z gd $a$gd8$a$gd gd8gd &$a$gd+&gd z   8 M   V l ' = a $gd  $ %a$gd -gd .gd &gd &$gd $a$gd+$a$gd  7 8 L   V i j k l ' < a '(Ǽvgh+5CJOJQJ^JaJh.5CJOJQJ^JaJh+^JaJhtH{h+^JaJh+h ^JaJhtH{h CJ^JaJhyIhyI5^JaJhyIhyI^JaJhyI5^JaJh ^JaJhtH{h 5^JaJhlB5^JaJhlB^JaJhtH{h ^JaJ# )>ckz{ghm$a$gd gdk$a$gd+$a$gd gd+$a$gdk)gd+gd Q^`Qgd+Njkt{ghmd234EsbVKsb9#hyIh 5CJOJQJ^JaJhtH{h ^JaJhtH{h 5^JaJ h+h CJ$OJQJ^JaJ$h+CJOJQJ^JaJ htH{h CJOJQJ^JaJ#htH{h 5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h+h 5CJOJQJ^JaJh+hk^JaJh+^JaJhBc`^JaJhtH{hk^JaJ htH{hkCJOJQJ^JaJ#htH{hk5CJOJQJ^JaJmd34FGv!!!!!!! #y'T(((=)a))8*/gd+gdgd$gdgd $ & F(  gd|$a$gdyIgd gd EFGZ!t!v!""""V(W(((((?)@)c)d)**********#+--O/P////Z0̻ylyh]9h6B*phhB* phh]9hB*ph h0Jh`hB*phhDAhB*phhhBc`CJOJQJ^JaJ htH{h CJOJQJ^JaJ#htH{h 6CJOJQJ^JaJ#hyIhyI5CJOJQJ^JaJh 5CJOJQJ^JaJ'8*,-/01`111>2X2r233 4X4655 7889gd$^`a$gd`gd`/gd+ v^`vgd +v^`vgdgdgdZ0c0r0s000111111111@2A2Z2[2222&3'33333 44Z4[4k44465:5S5g5z5{55555>6?6E6F6Y6 77Ǽҭҭҭҭҩҭҭҭҭҥҡҥ҈hG*CJOJQJ^JaJh`h QB*phh QhG*hXh`h`huB*phh`h|B*phh`hB*phhh29hB*phhB*phhbhB*phhbhB*ph377N7l77778!8t8888899%:=::::::*;+;<D<E<t<u<===>>(>>>>AAݹ˹ݹݱ|qfqqh`huB*phh`hB*phh29h5B*ph h5hB*phh29hB*phh`huhhG*hCJaJ#h`B*CJOJQJ^JaJph#hG*B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h29hB*CJOJQJ^JaJphhCJOJQJ^JaJ(9>>?A7CDGHIBJ|KL O0OPPLQQRFS$ `^`a$gd*+ v^`vgdgd/gd+gdgd   gdAAAAABBDDDDGGG HHHHHHIIIIJ1JDJEJdK|KKKLL4L5LLL;M`MaMMMMMpNNNNPPPPPNQOQQQQRºֲֶֶºֲººֲººֶֶªh`B*phh)tdh`hB*phh29hB*phhp"Y h5hhG*huhB*phh`hB*phh`huB*ph;RSRVR^RgRhR+S,SFSWXX X[+[E[I[[[\`*`+`F`î꓈}yncXMI>h %hB*phhIh#hB*phh#hB*phh*hB*phh*hn\B*phhn\h%h%B*phh%hB*phh,h29h5B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h#hB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h#h#B*CJOJQJ^JaJph#h)tdB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h29hB*CJOJQJ^JaJphFSeT~V XYYZ\]2_\`aNciccccc dLdoddddddee+gdgdgdgd*F`G``````a@aVaaabbbbddddfffgg3iXiYiiiiiiiiiijjjjkk+k,k2k3k[k\kRlSlἬ#hB*CJOJQJ^JaJph h5h vh h>*h*hIB*phhh#hB*phh#h#B*phh*hwSB*phh*hB*phh %hB*phhB*ph2eqfghijRlmmp&rtvvww5yyyb{m}~{gdgd `0^`0gd$ `^`a$gd;6gdSlllllllNmRmZmcmmmmmmmno)o/pTppqq,q-q1q꜇{phphp]RGh#hB*phh;6hK/B*phh;6hB*phhK/B*phh %hB*phh;6hK/h)h#h#B*CJOJQJ^JaJph#hthQB*CJOJQJ^JaJph#h#B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h#hB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h#hB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h %hB*CJOJQJ^JaJph1q9qBqQqvqqrrts{ssssst%tKtLtOtPtZt[tdtltttrvvw`xxx5y9y鵪ȦșȦ{wb)h.EXh.EXB*CJOJQJ^JaJphh;6hSh;6B*phh#hp0B*phhp0B*phh %h5B*phhh;6hB*phh;6hw{B*phhw{B*phh %hB*phh#hK/B*phh#hB*phh#hB*phh#h#B*ph!9y:yyyyyzzb{f{g{{{{\|{||m}q}}~ ~ ~{غwwogU#h1*B*CJOJQJ^JaJphhB*phh1*B*phh#hSB*phh#hB*phhhB*phh1*h;6hh1*h1*B*phh1*hB*ph:hhB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq )hhB*CJOJQJ^JaJph#hB*CJOJQJ^JaJphހʁԁAg ԅ$Ciچ"Ap܇¾¾¾ttttttttc hY-hY-CJOJQJ^JaJ h?OhCJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJhyB*phhf]B*phhB*phhhB*phhw{hY-hh1*hw{hB*CJaJph)h;6hw{B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h;6hB*CJOJQJ^JaJph&{e_ j gd^gdY-`gdY- $^a$gdY-gdY-gdgd ;^`;gd$^`a$gd;6:@AU$,69Deij3X?d׎_ɒ̒s˾ֳ}rgh@hB*phh@hbjB*phhbjh>DB*phh1*B*phhXEB*phh1*h#hB*phh#hSB*phh#h#B*phhAzh5B*phhAzh1*B*phhAzhB*phhf]B*phhhB*phhY-B*phh(_yU-ДpMB]מ֡ȣ֥ئ? e!"gdgdsyٛcp}?NQ56QRۡߡ ')nsu寤ڃxh7zhB*phh7zh7zB*phh#hB*phh#h#B*phh#hSB*phh#hf{B*phh@hf{B*phhh5B*phhbjh@hhB*phhh@hbjB*phh@hB*ph-¤̤$/5:֥ߥSTcdmvЧѧ>I`˵˝˒ᇵ|xtpht]RhhU&B*phhhB*phh1*B*phh1*hhhhB*phh#hT>B*phh#h.B*phh#h5B*phh#hs(B*phh#hB*phh#hNh9B*phh#hB*phh#hSB*phh#h#B*phh#hf{B*phhf{B*ph`hql!"236t|® 49:AHQR޻{peZ{{{{{{hhlB*phhhlB*phhCh $[B*phh4 hlB*phhlB*phh1hl5B*phhJhl5B*phhlhhh.B*phhhB*phhChC7B*phhChU&B*phhChB*phhChT>B*phhChCB*ph#"3;a[0 u Cc b5v/<gd+gdlgdgdlRkv~afZ`05 htv ST78wyAdmz{|XĹϘh7zhB*phh7zh7zB*phh:uhB*phhMh:uB*phhMhB*phh8ZhB*phhhlhB*phh4 hl6B*phh4 hlB*phhlB*ph7@*|VV=r~ngdgdgd};a+gd/gd+gdgdgdXYVY=>ru HIJOX췬xmmmhMhFtB*phhMh*B*phhMh3B*phhMhZcB*phhMh};aB*phh3B*phhMh?B*phhMhB*phhIhIB*phh8ZhIB*phhgB*phhMhhlh8ZhB*phhMB*ph*+:@  #$%&',-.ķĪĝĐăĐĪăķăvăvĪihlh@B*phhlh@B*phhlh@B*phhlh@B*phhlh@B*phhlh@B*phhlh@B*phhlhB*phhlhB*phhhMh?B*phhMhB*phhMh3B*ph)./12457>jmv{|~nqt)ht[\k糯uuuumbh4 hmB*phhmB*phhhB*phh4 h6B*phhhB*phh4 hB*phhhB*phhhlhlhTB*phhlhlB*phhlhl@B*phhlh@B*phhlhB*phhlh@B*ph&kl[^LMU^_aKq ./·ђђ·|qђђqhs(h\B*phhs(hB*phhChB*phhYAhhqB*phhqhqB*phhqhaB*phhCh $[B*phhChCB*phh\hhlhB*phhhB*phh4 hmB*phhmB*ph,[(5^[~[zchgd7z/gd+gdgdgd/78`a6X]^ q:>EFGUYox|}ĹĹhYAB*phhChB*phhs(hg 'B*phhChg 'B*phhCh $[B*phhChCB*phh8ZhB*phhs(hB*phhs(h {B*phh {hYAhs(h86EcwQ`$23n Fcfozz.S}~=]%67muģĮhYAB*phhqB*phhahsB*phhahB*phhs(h!B B*phhChCB*phh<hs(h<B*phh& hs(h& B*phhs(hB*phhYAh:{u2 C2'L04tgd/gd+gdgdZet| ,ux{AL[<Zap454T (HhYyh'xhj/;hB*phhj/;hB*phhj/;hqhB*phhqhx*B*phhqhB*phhahx*B*phhYAhYAB*phhahsB*phhahB*phhhq4@=>CFkn(3BE45!)*NOǼǭǩǩǩǩǩǚǚǩǚǩǚǚǚhhj/;hj/;hYyB*phh'xhYAhYAhYAB*phhYAhB*phhhj/;hj/;B*phhhj/;B*phhj/;hB*phhj/;B*phhChCB*ph6of03Ky67twCF@FISȽުh)5Rhj/;hqB*phhj/;hj/;hRB*phhj/;hB*phhh'xhhB*phhg 'hB*phhj/;h-4B*phhChCB*phhj/;hB*phh8ZhB*ph5tCFj  V W    *egdl$^`a$gd_Ogd$ ^`a$gd'x$ ^`a$gd_Ogdgd'xgdSmBbjmF\k 1 s v y       U V ˶˨mXJJh'xCJOJQJ^JaJ)h_OhB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hChB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hChCB*CJOJQJ^JaJph hCh QCJOJQJ^JaJh QCJOJQJ^JaJ)h8ZhB*CJOJQJ^JaJphhCJOJQJ^JaJhEh1hh'xhj/;hB*phhj/;h)5RB*phV \ 0 W   b s y   1QTZknpvyp .(w·ѳѳ³͙†т͆†͙wllwh1hB*phh1hzB*phhzh_OhlB*phh'xB*phh1hlB*phh8ZhB*phhhhChlB*phhChCB*phhlh'xh6CJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJh'xCJOJQJ^JaJ) */0-ej&=>e   o!A"B"c":#]#n#p#q###&&'ƻʚxph{B*phhB*phh2,%h{B*phhCh"4B*phh{h2,%h2,%B*phh2,%hB*phh2,%hYxB*phhChCB*phhYxhJhB*phhCh h{vh9jh_OhlB*phh'xhlhh-4(e&=<JAZde2A !#!gdgd$gdgd(  gd(  gd{MLgd{MLgd{vgd{v#!c""q##$%w'))+++p-z../90v0091u345e78~99gdgOgdgdgdgd'( ( ()%)A)F)k))))))+7++++00 1&1/171819122#3u345576ދujubWh4 h7zB*phh7zB*phhhB*phhhB*phh8ZhB*phhB*phh"4hB*phh"4hYB*phh"4h"4B*phhCh"4B*phhhYB*phhh2,%B*phh /B*phhJhB*phhh2,%B*phhhB*ph"76e7i7888|9~9999999:>>>>>#??@@CAFABBBBBCCCCC5DKDhDjDEǿǻǧǣ˂zrgǧǣhhB*phh:B*phhB*phhJhB*phhhB*phhh:B*phh: h6hShCh"4B*phhzhgOh7zhhJhB*phhhgOB*phhhB*phh7zB*phh7zh7zB*ph(999:\;<<J>Z>?m@AAC'CjDDE&EEmFF5H II[KgdK~ gdgdgdEEEEE&FFFFFGG:GGGG3HH I I2KXKLM9M"N(N9N:N=NNZOOOOP_QeQnQvQ᳨᜗֌}ujh"4h"4B*phhB*php0haohhaoB*phhhSB*ph h6hhNB*phhhK~B*phhh5B*phhhQB*phhh:B*phhCh"4B*phhhB*phhh}B*phh}B*ph'[KBLCLLOPxQQ5RLR SSTTTTTTTTTTTTgd$a$gd $$a$gdgdgd & Fgd & F^`gdaovQxQR R5RSSTTT*>>*>m*ѳ*2*6<B*ph&u*w4yAz{{:}}~qZn1Վ `0^`0gd$ `^`a$gd|gdgd/gd9d_` *+~̆*O0Acʵvd`X`XX``TIhhtB*phhth_:B*phh#hB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hhB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h"4h"4B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h"4h_:B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h"4hB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hbP@hB*CJOJQJ^JaJphhbP@h5B*phhK`B*phhbP@hB*phc+^<R^TKX~9^_Øܘ&'xyԡy1@ߤ Y弴崰hOhh-B*phhh`B*phhhbB*phhPhPB*phhPhPB*phh|hbP@hB*phhhuB*phhuhhhtB*phhhB*ph5я$N[ڑW8@[]gdPgd/gdgdgd˝֞á ئڧxêLíN gdg?+gdPgd$^`a$gdU<gdgdgdYbcʧڧx٩8w`y|ĴĴĴwbPPH=hhSB*phhSB*ph"jhbP@h0JB*Uph)hhg?+B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hhB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hh}B*CJOJQJ^JaJph%hhB*CJOJQJaJphhU<B*CJOJQJaJph%hbP@hB*CJOJQJaJphhhB*phhh}B*phhbP@hB*phhhU<|֫׫LSTܬíʭ NUk /ѲȽȪڟڪڌ}u}}jj_h:Ihg?+B*phhhg?+B*phhg?+B*phh8Zhg?+B*phhg?+hbP@hB*phhSNB*phh4 hSNB*phhPh8ZhSNB*phhSNh4 hPB*phhPB*phjh0JUhhhB*phhhSB*phhhU<B*ph#Ѳ۲ܲlnvwLM\]a(OõĵеGPHSbmϻ ˧ˣ h6hh:IhB*phh:IhB*phhU<hhg?+h4 hSN6B*phhSNB*phh4 hSNB*phhZhSNhSNh:IB*phhSNhSNB*phhSNhU<B*phhSNhg?+B*ph2 nCy¹ Ǻc3gd3/gdgdgdgdgdZgd{ML"PQ&'cd_obƻxxh:IhU<B*phh:IhT 2B*phh:Ih /B*phh /h3h#uhCh"4B*phh:Ih3B*phh8Zh3B*phh3B*phhjh0JUhh:IhB*phh:IhB*phh h6/ 8$a3_1]s$45gd /gd/gdgdx +, ^26AL]Smst$*J!2345m~hCJOJQJ^JaJh5CJOJQJ^JaJh?h:Ih?B*phh:Ih /B*phh /hh:Ih9AB*phhH h:IhH B*phh:IhB*phh:IhB*phhCh"4B*phhWh/5lm*+Xo,7#$&0(  gd$ & F(  a$gd91OgdgdGgdGgd$^`a$gd$ ^`a$gdgd"%67?5Tt )DzwbMM6MM,h:Ih6B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h:IhB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h"4hB*CJOJQJ^JaJph h"4h`CJOJQJ^JaJ)h"4h"4B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h"4hq$B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h:Ihq$B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h:IhB*CJOJQJ^JaJphhCJOJQJ^JaJ)hbP@hB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)*2BNO`OX #$%&ɴwlaVwlwRNJNRFBhNhZfhQ~hGhh:Ih"4B*phhCh"4B*phh:Ihq$B*phh:IhB*phhB*ph)h:IhB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h"4hB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h"4h"4B*CJOJQJ^JaJph#h"4B*CJOJQJ^JaJph#hB*CJOJQJ^JaJph#hB*CJOJQJ^JaJph0_o $=[>suh/gd+gdgdgdgd$gdgd&DEF`z~&*1&t  hb-h6CJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJhh:Ih4KB*phh4KB*phh:IhpB*phh:Ih91OB*phh91OhCh"4B*phh:IhB*phhbP@hB*phh4[&1 Rh$. !"#$$a$gd.gdgdgdb-$^`a$gdgdgd jQR;<=GHó|hN3jhh.5@CJ OJQJU^JaJ 'hh.5@CJ OJQJ^JaJ 'hDh.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh@CJOJQJ^JaJh@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJhZf hb-hhb-hh:IhB*phh:Ihb-B*ph$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<ST $ 0a$gd. $ a$gd.$a$gd.HPQRS\]{|}δyyhhTyhyD4hb-@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ'hh5@CJ OJQJ^JaJ !h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ'hDh.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ'hh.5@CJ OJQJ^JaJ 3jhh.5@CJ OJQJU^JaJ 6jhh.5@CJ OJQJU^JaJ *hh.5@CJ OJQJ^JaJ TUVWXYZ[\{| $ a$gd. $ 0a$gd.$ `0^`a$gd"$ `0^`a$gd.$ `0a$gd. $ a$gd.[wz{oplxͺrr[-h:Ih.@B*CJOJQJ^JaJphh"@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h|yh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ'hDh.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ!h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hv~h.@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ#no[\h $ `0`^``a$gd.$ `0^`a$gd.$ `0^`a$gd"$ `0a$gd.^_jk(QòßkXXA-h:Ih.@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ'hJmh.5@CJOJQJ^JaJh"@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h|yh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ!h"5@CJOJQJ^JaJ'hoWh.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ!h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ-hh.@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph 0 1   gd.$ `0^`a$gdZf 88^8`gd.$ 88^8`a$gd"$ `0^`a$gd.$ `0a$gd.Qo>a4X#Ey|}    - ̩̾̾̾̾̾̾n^h"@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h]Eh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h|yh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ)h:Ih"B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h:Ih.B*CJOJQJ^JaJphh.CJOJQJ^JaJ hDh.CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$- / 1 2 4 5 6 S       P Q  q v     1        %6Ͼݎݎ{k[kkϾϾϾϾh@CJOJQJ^JaJhZf@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h]Eh.@CJOJQJ^JaJh"@CJOJQJ^JaJ#hDh.5CJOJQJ^JaJh"CJOJQJ^JaJ hDh.CJOJQJ^JaJh.CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ# M N p q    $ `0^`a$gd$ 85^5`a$gdZf 8gd.$ `0^`a$gdZf$ `0a$gd.$ `0`^``a$gd.;U(+wy\]=>޺qqqqqqqq$h+>h.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hh.@CJOJQJ^JaJh@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h1h.@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ'hDh.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ!h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ hDh.CJOJQJ^JaJ&'(uvYZ:;$ `0`^``a$gd.$ `0^`a$gd.$ `0^`a$gd$ `0a$gd.\]Z[}~xy{ ^`gd.$ `0^`a$gd.$ `0a$gd.$ `0`^``a$gd.Fr"P]avz{[_`|~Qwx{|ݶݶr'hDh.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ!h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJh.CJOJQJ^JaJ hDh.CJOJQJ^JaJh@CJOJQJ^JaJ-h:Ih.@B*CJOJQJ^JaJphh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ&Rs$%7W;PCc|~;<     !طأȓأtt hDh.CJOJQJ^JaJh.CJOJQJ^JaJh@CJOJQJ^JaJ'hDh.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ!h.>*@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ'hDh.>*@CJOJQJ^JaJ- .QR!"$$ `0^`a$gd.$ `0^`a$gd$ `0a$gd.}~  d#e#i$j$%%''g(h()))()))gd. 8gd.$ 88^8`a$gd$ `0^`a$gd.$ `0a$gd.!!""e#f#j#####%%%%&$&&&'&8&;&&&h'̷̗taMatt'h"4h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h"4h.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJhCh"4B*ph)h"4h"4B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h"4h.B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h:Ih.B*CJOJQJ^JaJph hDh.CJOJQJ^JaJh.CJOJQJ^JaJh'i'''(7(8(<(M(N(P(h(i())))')))*))**ȸ}jYF$hh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ!h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h"4h.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h"4h`@CJOJQJ^JaJ)h"4h"4B*CJOJQJ^JaJph$h"4h5@CJOJQJ^JaJh5@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ'hDh.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ****!*>*_****++*+M+r+,,o,,,,N-R-----.8.S.T.h........./C///// 00Q0v0²²²²²²²²²²²²‘}}²²²²²²²²'hDh.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ!h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJh*@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ*hh.57@CJOJQJ^JaJ'hh.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ1))**,,,,M-N---R.S... 0 000'2(2J3$ & F `0a$gd*$ `0a$gd.$ `0^`a$gd.v00000000001r1\23I3J3K3L3N3O3[334:444)5*5,5-5755556ʶllY$hF h.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hbh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ!h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDFh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ'h&h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hnqh.@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ"J3K3(5)5663747F7G7+8,888Y:Z:::z;{;$ `0^`a$gd*$ `0a$gd.$ `0^`a$gd.$ `0a$gd*666606S666747576777F7G7L7x77777*8+8,818i88888889999Y:_:::::::̸̸qq̑̑hGw@CJOJQJ^JaJh*@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hC*h.@CJOJQJ^JaJ'hC*h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ'hh.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ!h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ+:y;;p<q<r<s<t<u<<<<<=/=L=N=\=b=p>q>u>v>?/?{@|@}@@ʹl\l\llllllI$h h.@CJOJQJ^JaJhGw@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hCh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ'hM h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ!h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hC*h.@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h9,h.@CJOJQJ^JaJ{;r<s<t<<<\=]=|@}@BBlCmCDDEEG$ `0^`a$gdq^$ `0^`a$gd.$ `0a$gd.$ `0^`a$gd*@DABBDDEEEEE F(FJFKFrFFF GIFJKJJJK K K(KMKNKֽ֤픁픁q`L'hDh.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ!h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJh>:@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h h.@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ0h:Ih.7@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph0h:Ih.5@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph-h:Ih.@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJGGYIZIJJK KMMNNOOPPPPRRjS$ 88^8`a$gd.$ `0a$gdq^$ `0^`a$gd.$ `0a$gd.NKOKPKoKKKKMMMNNNNNmOnOrOsOرs^G0-h"4h.@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph-h"4h"4@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h"4h"4B*CJOJQJ^JaJph$h h.@CJOJQJ^JaJ'hYh.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ-h:Ihq^@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph-h:Ih.@B*CJOJQJ^JaJphh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ'hDh.5@CJOJQJ^JaJsOPPPxPPPQQQQgRxRRRRRSST T TTITMTwT|TӼӼyyiViVFVFh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hr|h.@CJOJQJ^JaJhq^@CJOJQJ^JaJ-h:Ihq^@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h:Ih.B*CJOJQJ^JaJph-h"4h.@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph-h"4h"4@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h"4h"4B*CJOJQJ^JaJph-h:Ih.@B*CJOJQJ^JaJphjSkSvTwT4U5U&V'V(VhViV'X(XYY [ [[[l\$ 8^`a$gdC$ `0a$gd.$ `0^`a$gd.$ `00^`0a$gd.|TTTT U(VgVVVVVV&XY{ZZZZZ[ [ [ӼxcccR?$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ hDh.CJOJQJ^JaJ)h:Ih.B*CJOJQJ^JaJph'hib@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph0h:Ih.5@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph-h:Ihq^@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph-h:Ih.@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph-h"4h8 @B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h"4h8 B*CJOJQJ^JaJph [[[[[[\l\m\p\\\+]N]]^%^&^'^-^7^c^z^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ݳݣݓo'hoh.6@CJOJQJ^JaJhl@CJOJQJ^JaJhGw@CJOJQJ^JaJhC@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hoh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ-h:Ih.@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ%l\m\&^'^^^^i_q`aaabbbbd$ `0^`a$gd.$ `0v^`va$gdl$ `0a$gdGw$ `0^`a$gd.$ `0a$gd.^^^^^^A_J_f_h_i_j_k_l_n_o____ `<`Y```````aͽݪͽxͽhͽͽWͽ!hl5@CJOJQJ^JaJh6_ @CJOJQJ^JaJhl@CJOJQJ^JaJ!h6_ 5@CJOJQJ^JaJ!h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hCh.@CJOJQJ^JaJhC@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJaa a"a$a%a=aHaXahaaaaabbnbbbbbbbbbɹəɹəvvvfvRR?$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ'h,ewh.5@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h@h.@CJOJQJ^JaJhEP@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJhl@CJOJQJ^JaJhC@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hoh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ!h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h9,h.@CJOJQJ^JaJbb{dddDebeceeegelemere|eeeeeee0f3f4f?fJfffg8ggggghhhhh hShThWhXhhݪݪݪݜ}o}o}ohlCJOJQJ^JaJh.CJOJQJ^JaJ hDh.CJOJQJ^JaJh.CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJhib@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h|h.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ+dd{e|eeee1fffggggghSh 88^8`gd.gd.$ 88^8`a$gd.$ `0`^``a$gd.$ `0a$gd.$ `0^`a$gd.Shhhjj%lmmnnppppss t!twt$ `0^`a$gd:Igd.$ `0^`a$gd.$ `0a$gd. 88^8`gd.hhhjjj%lMlllmmmmmnoooopη}fR?R$h|h.@CJOJQJ^JaJ'h|h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ-hibh:I@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hibh:IB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hibhibB*CJOJQJ^JaJphh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ-h:Ih.@B*CJOJQJ^JaJphh:Ih.B*phh.h.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJppppppsssssss!t$t&t'tvtwtytzttttuuuuv3v˸ޣy޸޸޸޸޸`PhL@CJOJQJ^JaJ0h:Ih.5@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph$hibh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ,hibhib6B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hibhibB*CJOJQJ^JaJph$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h|h.@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ!h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJwtxtytztttuuFvGvvvvv$ `0a$gdXn$ `0^a$gd.$ `0^`a$gd.$ `0a$gd.$ `0^`a$gd. 3vDvPvQvvvvvvvvvvvv w4wwwwwwwww>xӼӥӥrbrrQrbr!h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJhB0@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h|h.@CJOJQJ^JaJ-h:IhXn@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph-h:Ih.@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph-h:Ih.@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h"4h8 B*CJOJQJ^JaJphvw>xx&yryy/z0z{{9}:}~~ $ `0^`a$gd.$ `0^`a$gdB0$ `0r^`ra$gdB0$ `0v^`va$gdB0>x?x@xAxBxmxxxxxxxxxy!y$y(yJygyrytyuyvywyyyyyyyyyz#z0z5zuzzz{{}н཭нннཝнs-h:Ih.@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph$h/Eh.@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJhXn@CJOJQJ^JaJ$h|h.@CJOJQJ^JaJhB0@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJh^}z@CJOJQJ^JaJ*}(}:}=}>}?}~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  "#$%@BݽݬvbQb!h.6@CJOJQJ^JaJ'hjah.6@CJOJQJ^JaJ!h)34؏ُ 88^8`gd.$ `0^`a$gd.$ `0a$gd.$ `0`^``a$gd.݊ފ=@A47cŒnjҌčpߏO`“ӓԓtӋ]-h"4h8 @B*CJOJQJ^JaJph-h:IhW@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h"4h8 B*CJOJQJ^JaJphh.@CJOJQJ^JaJh@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ-h:Ih.@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h:Ih.B*CJOJQJ^JaJph$ُ78KLƕǕGʙv$ `08`^``a$gd.$ 8`^``a$gdW$ `0`^``a$gd.$ `0^`a$gd.$ `0a$gd.$ 88^8`a$gdW ԓ78;KLOtɕʕGIJuɗڗۗӿt_JJ5)h:Ih.B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h"4h8 B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h:IhWB*CJOJQJ^JaJph-h:IhW@B*CJOJQJ^JaJphh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ!h.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ'hDh.5@CJOJQJ^JaJ)h:Ih.B*CJOJQJ^JaJph-h:Ih.@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph ADrsݚ  1`klWhiվtttt_H-h"4h8 @B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h"4h8 B*CJOJQJ^JaJph-h:IhW@B*CJOJQJ^JaJphhW@CJOJQJ^JaJh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ-h:Ih.@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h:Ih.B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h:IhWB*CJOJQJ^JaJphʙ˙@Aopi צئxyЧѧo$ `0`^``a$gd.$ `0^`a$gd.$ `0a$gd.ilޢ57T~ƤϤWåŦȦy|ӧԧHiqr'BKiש#ުUfՠՠՠŠՠ苰)h:Ih.B*CJOJQJ^JaJphhW@CJOJQJ^JaJ)h"4h8 B*CJOJQJ^JaJphh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ$hDh.@CJOJQJ^JaJ-h:Ih.@B*CJOJQJ^JaJph6oQRSήϮ*+$ 88^8`a$gdW$ `0^`a$gd.$ `0a$gd.$ `0`^``a$gd.UVϮҮVzsbTC h) h#^hQ~h.h"4h8 B*phh /Lh$[B*phh /Lh.B*phh /Lh.B*mH phsH ,h /Lh.6B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h"4h8 B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h /Lh$[B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h /Lh.B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h8Zh.B*CJOJQJ^JaJphh$[CJOJQJ^JaJh.CJOJQJ^JaJ|}~*D1:AG&'ETn./øÈÈÈÄyncncnh{MLhwB*phh{MLhB*phh{MLh5B*phh5hwh}vhB*phh /Lh/oB*phh /Lh5B*phh /LhCB*phh /LhB*phh h$[h h$[hwht7ht75CJ aJ ht7h.h /Lh 1B*phh8 B*phh 1%|~6&gdt7 gdgd ^`gd h  & F^gdt7$a$gdt7gdt7gd.._HUt"RlFP)7o"gd gdgd_`Z{5TWXgiz39?tv!lmnFGI|||||hThwh hY,h{MLhJB*phh{MLht7B*phh?B*phh{MLh~=B*phh}vhB*phhht7h"4h8 B*phh{MLhTB*phh{MLhwB*phh{MLhB*phh{MLhH3B*ph0PQS ')*,r579Y#tuʿաալՖՎʿʿՃլh"4h8 B*phh hB*phh{MLhpfB*phh{MLht7B*phh{MLhq|gB*phhq|ght7h{MLhTB*phh{MLhwB*phh{MLhB*phh{MLh B*phh hThw h6h3ot!1[(qgd,gdgdt7, & F^`gd$gdgd $(  gdgdgduwT\ !8OQ!"1Ƚӹӹ~yynan]Yhchwh}vhB*H*phh}vhB*ph h5h hhB*phh hhTB*phh hhDB*phh hhwB*phh{MLh6_B*phh6_hh"4h8 B*phh{MLhq|gB*phh{MLhB*phh{MLhwB*phh{MLhDB*phh{MLhTB*ph12 #[\(\]jkEd !ᦢ|h{MLhZB*ph h5hZh& haJhB*phhchh{MLh&B*phh{MLht7B*phh{MLhcB*phh{MLh]:B*phh{MLhIB*phh{MLhB*phh}vhB*phhcB*ph-qJ\jW3E)qejjgdgd,gd!-348I(!"_n'K  jk)     黮黗}黗黗w hc0Jh{MLhB*phh{MLhxKB*phhchh{MLh~B*phhcB*phh}vh5B*phh}vhB*phh{MLh\SB*phh{MLh5B*phh{MLhcB*phh{MLhB*phh{MLhN B*ph-jv  (    g     X  @|>@i gdgd,gdgdgd         @>?-3?@A:Zijp̿ٿٴ٣ه|h{MLhcB*phh{MLh" B*phh h h5h{MLB*phh{MLhAB*ph hc0Jh{MLh_BB*phh{MLh0JB*phh{MLh_B0JB*phh{MLhB*ph h56 hc?hhch h0J09p{ epZ-D[f45xy$0W C 칬ҨҨҤҠҨҕh}vhB*H*phh}vhB*phhhc?hch{MLh0JB*phh{MLhc0JB*ph h0J hc0Jhh{MLhcB*phh{MLhB*phh{MLhB*phhX<B*ph5hD4x[C L f _#$$&&gdgdgd,gdgdgdC D F L M f g!n!!!a#$$$$$%%%&&&&&''v((((())))o*p**++,,,ùzz"jhbP@hd90JB*UphhbP@hd9B*phhd9B*phh2hd9B*phhJhd9B*phhd9jhd90JUhE}h{MLh{B*phh{MLhovB*phh{MLhB*phh}vhB*ph h5hhc*&&&&())o*+,,1.x/00000000000 &`#$gd.$gd$  gd, & F]^`]gdgd,,,,,1.2.x/y/000000000000000000111111?1E1F1]1^1`1a1b1d1e1f1g1h1ľľ䲪䢒䊪䢒~zvhE}h.hd9@CJOJQJhOJQJh?h?OJQJmHnHujhd9Uhd9OJQJhd9B*OJQJph hd90Jjhd90JUjhl%Uhl%jhd90JUhd9hbP@hd9B*phhbP@hd95B*ph-00011111b1c1d1e1f1g1h1 B#$a$ 9r &B$d Nb$# gdd9  9r %gdE} B#B$d Nb$# gdt\F....()()))() 0000 P8$:p.BP. A!"#$% Dp,1h. A!"#$% F2n~Nͬ/JFIF,,ExifMM*bj(1r2i-'-'Adobe Photoshop CS4 Macintosh2012:06:18 11:29:16q&(.HHJFIFHH Adobe_CMAdobed            Y" ?   3!1AQa"q2B#$Rb34rC%Scs5&DTdE£t6UeuF'Vfv7GWgw5!1AQaq"2B#R3$brCScs4%&5DTdEU6teuFVfv'7GWgw ?TI%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IOTI%5M_{1s`]ֹd;&9V]SQYKq!yr&YFT+?xy0lơ?ތYd}XYuԨ(S3>a"Op&tꋺ.C}R{Z Eg_{k~S:-};WChsOO&R/J_>K#>1ŧ}!oޙꛀ{: \0+[X$8 rZq)G4_<92Fy.3[3k˯̊x.hl:kfY̚K=K1ZZ÷}V}m_?ۍl. ʺɾX}zgZ.6|EEFEua0opwÀ]+au| ͘5s TelAsٜfXӲø{ :Y}I>[~ycK1m^C:SU&voH_ d>eMn:ޭ*پJ{|;;`]ޓs Zݮ7~\lnvEӳj?>՗Mwpmm .n8 gf#r22}˴i&;J+:et zб=>Ey7d9zxvIO$UtoT9~A'ʙ['^c3etYԺӳzMY=K3ʭ ̾?쌻3%euVV~O KϺQ~η ߃m ͦWکk.c=<,WWVp1F r˜~-xgޝ5zTSI$TI%<cz2s3WtvoՌ_̹o3.a]3Zѽ-uw{v[N[0\28!zaWq2£Z@fVii +Vs({4<yhp׵5ٿb_2K:Ucb@hV-s/*c}h;6:"S=Ff=ˡGSaѩN|ސit8 Skϐ#ыkYװi&F{z *\A %ճFq:1kz,9>G sat~cogE6ShK%까\K5ֹ({ *&u.v6M 696Yoo.W>bsn/Oq+uhlrqd~?+R]'+s(γ˳">- mok_X:KZ+ϲzm͵7d>R 𞗩b:TNf_GW2[g26~I)qۜl/2C22ru/}<}ާ7edb])yTڽ?Ync?3>.o3uu -ٽEt\]޽9w7ճ&='N%C춺_o"?;6~oվԲo7 |ui~ڽmʿ$Fٙ7*2Ӻ\ﴱB/\,`S ƹWiv0/oX]S>켬'}mc#7,;, W3Xn}CKEM{U;ֻ/=OQkՕ22.mȹzXZ'mt<7=WU/;UEտ>.^F[wHONtaz_eL]NM🣯]_F:WQߜڙAHtlk{kI$STI%,@ $BΫ:EvT7mv8kuna-oMkϫU}ap2~-8:wn,8ù)&8 ?4?w'/ދ)ae1>B}{,g*fNWT"6Ύie{}Oh9?X#zszFF=uh%CvK_[ӶWn=U}QGT6LgV5[]l.%mC3nϠ?Gv* -Le,]c./~;U}_Usݶ_Ld'ng?O'}S觢J1,d:mɏMo虲o%OQ=w+S!?zsYg?]җ52"js~#r)r8ۇ־aulu&ftTqݓwNFm{0љqii\21Zs޹{_{q@=D>,Ϭ?X?VضTn?׭cכsw;v/W_j[#W+܆ZKN1k>ꝳvz~޳ӳ=O[[cp &ke-vSTX~}.Z>U Fmc>%uʹG::.3?è91o{鲤ލG.߲u-3թs+uɳܯ#f7􊬦-<-oeN,m徦u+>_2b[FVEooOf=/ܖ{SW7hWfсUgIЮc>1r}-QTyy/ɴ>lEB??CԶCO^z#/)9'2`qwQkXݟEV~u 2L*uu)F[MYL)kg_9蘶Sc6u>k [GNd+aښ.ѕZ}5}kI$I%?TI%)$INg[Һn{mg,7 7B"ٹLvꬴ K]MGk]*I&՚ocјm YOTSofG⥔Cwo?_# }38Q_NTmj1Y~7uvk%~t $gK*7ۑm[붼zߍ];[[ۓO"6*kfF6mG2[AȺ+,f?#{=ONU$>]Olln7[1h$JRI$I$TI%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IOrPhotoshop 3.08BIM8BIM%\/{gdպ8BIM,,8BIM&?8BIM 8BIM8BIM 8BIM' 8BIMH/fflff/ff2Z5-8BIMp8BIM@@8BIM8BIMSqMU LOGO_LDN_RGBqnullboundsObjcRct1Top longLeftlongBtomlongRghtlongqslicesVlLsObjcslicesliceIDlonggroupIDlongoriginenum ESliceOrigin autoGeneratedTypeenum ESliceTypeImg boundsObjcRct1Top longLeftlongBtomlongRghtlongqurlTEXTnullTEXTMsgeTEXTaltTagTEXTcellTextIsHTMLboolcellTextTEXT horzAlignenumESliceHorzAligndefault vertAlignenumESliceVertAligndefault bgColorTypeenumESliceBGColorTypeNone topOutsetlong leftOutsetlong bottomOutsetlong rightOutsetlong8BIM( ?8BIM8BIM8BIM YJFIFHH Adobe_CMAdobed            Y" ?   3!1AQa"q2B#$Rb34rC%Scs5&DTdE£t6UeuF'Vfv7GWgw5!1AQaq"2B#R3$brCScs4%&5DTdEU6teuFVfv'7GWgw ?TI%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IOTI%5M_{1s`]ֹd;&9V]SQYKq!yr&YFT+?xy0lơ?ތYd}XYuԨ(S3>a"Op&tꋺ.C}R{Z Eg_{k~S:-};WChsOO&R/J_>K#>1ŧ}!oޙꛀ{: \0+[X$8 rZq)G4_<92Fy.3[3k˯̊x.hl:kfY̚K=K1ZZ÷}V}m_?ۍl. ʺɾX}zgZ.6|EEFEua0opwÀ]+au| ͘5s TelAsٜfXӲø{ :Y}I>[~ycK1m^C:SU&voH_ d>eMn:ޭ*پJ{|;;`]ޓs Zݮ7~\lnvEӳj?>՗Mwpmm .n8 gf#r22}˴i&;J+:et zб=>Ey7d9zxvIO$UtoT9~A'ʙ['^c3etYԺӳzMY=K3ʭ ̾?쌻3%euVV~O KϺQ~η ߃m ͦWکk.c=<,WWVp1F r˜~-xgޝ5zTSI$TI%<cz2s3WtvoՌ_̹o3.a]3Zѽ-uw{v[N[0\28!zaWq2£Z@fVii +Vs({4<yhp׵5ٿb_2K:Ucb@hV-s/*c}h;6:"S=Ff=ˡGSaѩN|ސit8 Skϐ#ыkYװi&F{z *\A %ճFq:1kz,9>G sat~cogE6ShK%까\K5ֹ({ *&u.v6M 696Yoo.W>bsn/Oq+uhlrqd~?+R]'+s(γ˳">- mok_X:KZ+ϲzm͵7d>R 𞗩b:TNf_GW2[g26~I)qۜl/2C22ru/}<}ާ7edb])yTڽ?Ync?3>.o3uu -ٽEt\]޽9w7ճ&='N%C춺_o"?;6~oվԲo7 |ui~ڽmʿ$Fٙ7*2Ӻ\ﴱB/\,`S ƹWiv0/oX]S>켬'}mc#7,;, W3Xn}CKEM{U;ֻ/=OQkՕ22.mȹzXZ'mt<7=WU/;UEտ>.^F[wHONtaz_eL]NM🣯]_F:WQߜڙAHtlk{kI$STI%,@ $BΫ:EvT7mv8kuna-oMkϫU}ap2~-8:wn,8ù)&8 ?4?w'/ދ)ae1>B}{,g*fNWT"6Ύie{}Oh9?X#zszFF=uh%CvK_[ӶWn=U}QGT6LgV5[]l.%mC3nϠ?Gv* -Le,]c./~;U}_Usݶ_Ld'ng?O'}S觢J1,d:mɏMo虲o%OQ=w+S!?zsYg?]җ52"js~#r)r8ۇ־aulu&ftTqݓwNFm{0љqii\21Zs޹{_{q@=D>,Ϭ?X?VضTn?׭cכsw;v/W_j[#W+܆ZKN1k>ꝳvz~޳ӳ=O[[cp &ke-vSTX~}.Z>U Fmc>%uʹG::.3?è91o{鲤ލG.߲u-3թs+uɳܯ#f7􊬦-<-oeN,m徦u+>_2b[FVEooOf=/ܖ{SW7hWfсUgIЮc>1r}-QTyy/ɴ>lEB??CԶCO^z#/)9'2`qwQkXݟEV~u 2L*uu)F[MYL)kg_9蘶Sc6u>k [GNd+aښ.ѕZ}5}kI$I%?TI%)$INg[Һn{mg,7 7B"ٹLvꬴ K]MGk]*I&՚ocјm YOTSofG⥔Cwo?_# }38Q_NTmj1Y~7uvk%~t $gK*7ۑm[붼zߍ];[[ۓO"6*kfF6mG2[AȺ+,f?#{=ONU$>]Olln7[1h$JRI$I$TI%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IO8BIM!UAdobe PhotoshopAdobe Photoshop CS48BIMhttp://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/ Adobed@qo     u!"1A2# QBa$3Rqb%C&4r 5'S6DTsEF7Gc(UVWdte)8fu*9:HIJXYZghijvwxyzm!1"AQ2aqB#Rb3 $Cr4%ScD&5T6Ed' sFtUeuV7)(GWf8vgwHXhx9IYiy*:JZjz ?_}~׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺co;ߺ_ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~uqo>׺ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^W~׺uUs׺us{o J[yVWScޡTgVm Wtv =OJm,/hm%@Dg!jHPH H}wͧOύ*dn6kO)/ Dە?z{SCmM<-Ji]_ˠ3q4Oѵv|P) ${v,ȑF MͽLh`d]j@zmvFP[+̈_n-z+OS^ڐÑq*]j%cq"vY[ahf b^yXkvSa$oq>䡭Qw@iOyҿ.} 4Xtwol)=;" BtvPUHK,#P[!nVCU6=7xBl{U} ?94} R0T۹́BL}F<2GLO9T3[Ա_} <}utlҥq4uf8SƊ N(OX#I".b@K9i6ނT^m Wpk"Pu$Vi+=Ot;E^;CO%ĭ{~/F^)şnwpl~o|oݏXu_4^m:|}^׺wߺ^׽u~E+/}G?~og=v__z_'WҺZqs+T~n7~e >sôm;tϵ_οҽ<=-(~~|do?/fGޟI_k]AE,n^oᵖoǺZas+T~m9^@G_1?-ٟu+t NՐ{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ\[{&{jO׽YbT;;v68;< ˦IWcoYf)_̀OͽEx4ke??.hy~b}ɶYp\Z}YI/Psl#4β^:q©ޤJ615;R_TJfcj.^[LK7KXYz̡|+kxj)5`xPFz7)M:٦"42u 5UNSfk:GMn_WOgqvvM2sM̥s`O. $hyc{SzyV9*Z)f #_V#r0h~nOqQ-|kPzXw݆͵\rtIw 8<=NBKF__/w/v͞S#p~K,h$i_׵Q, s}~fkkێ'u-O~Nns&OuS3ǃUi4c;uG!uE9ew?Ňݣ|ݪ+&k1y)W@O^s}{S|QF%/JHu16n2$'cOC_ovCrjUV+X@x*U zʉeA*Y) ~=gg: %UWH Pg8~8<oO9?^ZO޽SQ SXsדO~'s^պu{{^׺uWߺѮ)׹Gۏ߉T0"\y77״y??6@0/˥-vBwt03j'_J) w ew:7>Ewq;_GGD,/]ևRHFhҸcCi4glE9if4:z:znCW@iKDP*T+ >R?t}Ox W=͵س Ym,`Ԥ5*kn8gD>dWLǐov.Cq9Rނ14_9s44)Kǁ ;ogRiIoPPA,`|M^ywۿ?歂_Ȍ6#F#qtK5)*{ M$1utbŗG5GpWc}E@]XC֬uTŸ<[-܊U  ] `cXF_I'qYX|i .S9!B\zWGo15-7p/"*bЃx5S={9nύsr!6ܫmP?y-ӻZ8d_g1u}?.f ־JkUlǐ @o®*[<ۿ zz_ 1YUukJ8{M??2{[HM֭7S8Cm|s3}z9qmuvclgs4[t`RVhqUTcw0R8V_?a$DF^b]>R10nt#5=u.18|Va3 )E2TQdY:Xq 9:&$ ߺN׺u ]?>Qv_twnMýSx]]7~lmUQ&mLi'HЬswU_>+Q|t;+ig;zOhs5TUpd6]ߝ4Fj|mSy@T)g_uk}[uoݹݽz W\mLv႞ "9 [K}_;yjn-Ż+yl[vUWn\WOUg*UK̡Q6[ߺ_DDi'wOqe?OfQQYn,tQS,c2 OfjZZٙ׺ߺ^׽u~|l_Ovu)/.Gqߺ^׽u~R)ܕ ׺{^s %|unma?2^ {$ܕȏߺ[{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ]X>=ܩ7*2H'}:"ij8ܱʛg??մC^ϬY>˭0vǯ{^׺uݵ{^׺uݵ{^׺u>+26vij=<ܽ?Y4autprl#J'}JeVQQCC_51lcYͼ[e9yЙ"V.2)QzIG={^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽={_ÀG[\iWq,T?/wL"gHA$52Q̱Ims[mjxj8@#=}sw{^׺dѶM;5鑜GngxvcP|S+HZ(RHj|?^ G'/ zdwuē0z]?^afJڣ#ؘ|>Ri\$jMc{ku[vl{'>MVr ޖ18ɤ/~|';?ȎnޭwgjogH󽅺)2OMYx"B(^,nE_ObI2Smg¨;hy'DFQ4qm(qIrfsS8$i]{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uz׸u?o~ KZW{:^}}x=Yno{dνn]0a/pS2QE&txZWjiҨS:ܯney{gj(-FSw }}6`-2-ss S$ьէtFN~ ݙp~ߩۙ_A9D†P ԕ1G,%^4a{aXO[t@)R!С_8\|ɵg-nZXG*AVEbUԕpA=|l۹g{/7N!;Y|v>'3I$ji?`7YE%AfQJ^6-z6{[xI-ņE(ĉI@hk7#ިkR돯>ֵ~ǫ\{{^׺u{{^׺o6y{=U=o; f(?!my%-XlkvH4ޏOOۮz'u̎{{^ aؿBum]}A"R]e3B$ܸJdXuM9>ܘU#:?Ǔq׺1}݆:G+׺/O/c2{;ŖڬTcY;T7 k[{^]_Tʙ>2(a7>3P&+7e YhK]{ouP;hF# OJuw7h;]gԔkҪ|eʊM8%*,#6ɷ^o+p*|<-}>FmPIULp؏u{Sqwۛ &tp#5;:'Bһ5-J$}t?ߺ_,A #mn|A#zo{\[~ߺ[xn?_$?(3O{Ofuͧtb3[F\ceitWX+S$JRy^׺M|O]3@쭿]Mi77 䫪Ía14Uw&T6OLq5׺-W2[3>|kٻSfSM5&?~IޙVA-=[wg1|i[#`GuS u 1T_tM)3jX\' >׺QJ5NN? MսiUkk6.kr;L9нxU3OOp:;{Wu^׺֤Kcv#gbvިI_iZJiqre[%YmTzjmXTG-:{ub¼v_7@<Ea{=-n=t_H•˯ݿ6[nm:=a7vyRVmMZO sD{u9ے_{GߺB60@}unJG{uW9_S9dmzڮ$wTR̄r.7eljJ1!]X衭hGo {{p)N5 Nݳۛʗ*SnM]ٷ|RQOk\3PZnO*#&f|7˺~ŽKn~ᱚԩ!ﮧJ?PAߺCwB¸7Sg(+;+:݅Jݷ5vpt~;rd1*ZީnЏ74 _!Lћ+0݁;o9nf2λQ볻SVJc%^:jz*)/[uw8ch7/zwko*ğQZSJٻ3^s!hAH!AJh9s ;pd$:{6NpX׻o78jbܻqngr~!nt7{^?SY?Q|n)k1;ٴ=GS ?̈́읋?ڱSm $$ﶫ B}׺1}ܽyߧ{?;k=Nۛ7ve5xM)YksHbUS0_TݻZ;G6ddpW7ܵpu$p'I^u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ_ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^֞/ow?p?`I?/֞׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺCξݵkUoq+{ۨxd`5}୆o١gWQ{SaoP*#>;^kc80퇸ձD{6+u*\4ֲ(2Ȋ4> z> m#&jV:JeIX?&~yoylY 5j(|R&ZwO9]LN*Bd IF:3dv՛+|w~隌LbnrP7f:h<i)E4 :%//P|eUUEAFz,}/!ݦo"L*K$LBtFek(H\Vπ5;]}$阩C[hhmlFy; [^hQ)Xcxoi&Eģ P+=o|=ܹcA5ŵ c2!tM5nS9#?|k؛7Xl*ٶ\4Ő%UU®@OLt!,Eպϲl;kh ^$eӫQ$q#Cڽw9{i7H2 D&^M> 1W {_{yvjj{9W^ɴ?u[i*Z**X#H)iHiHb#DQKC S^P>^n[ٹG6SE$fbK/#;Xb-_?O@Fƀ}?]V'}vv#en98yqB,+Rjy.#%sAC331&۔r*&ZHT *`5()CP:ކf9Byb-8l qO" C#G5RGbgZ`7=N4Kn`2V{b.PRIlGK$̏#K\Nml$X zu @" Pj qxrkyo)Ywʷ, іoEH.RTk~Oq'g_QÉz{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u%,|d30HsVuh 2oH&r20.?\Am>{k}MDw#WϊpxS~y׽u~|@`j3On#eϩnPm]t "`)|gE^7ڝ A_js%Bj~ӪFvSGMR-Gbm;,,4~_MG~*e+r e%I(rD+'nmY֔Ȟ}@any~|l_)_t| g'XN޴ғM6[jd+a{_j  {t@~| / r.rxV?wǭ9 )?]}l2!6;sɽ UC<܀)׺<׺^YT{^w{o(aOv͛opuBmzm+sa_y‹ s[H팒T AҒT$^=o =4|wv c2k:Vۖ@j]ɏZ%g%Lqeu+ƿ_8?mߌ xMle7Dؙ3ͽKC8u<i5PTS._\{~j m;ǽLk>XS7N"^|pnd$e'{=f˪d{Ktb޵΢ە[ozmػnL9:lF*ZB*5u5%::EuN[6W~2FTck7 ;ίͼpTW`:sM6> p1չz 1{t‚z3)S'Yu~W;speU?q P5׺T~?׏#urW0; h^@/u0׺O_ |߽uy?&Al{h}} UuԻgQb$]T1F{?o}jLm$ SQ>fmڐT5趶,4Tq;Fi,?[ ?LƳǭ>c0޴n^:n꾾Қ]%m[{o \9,ˎSCL_{{^I Ogr{5:J\>6Bݳ]AI#.f'C=^>o7 B-]4TwF&tlOK橊3[JN(2IQHdwu#_n~^]k3ώxNZ̥gdMǙN)ܰyװ;;۳<[r8_~gQ^#=n2WJҥ\r}׺?dW7FTZC,;wz#rn |ʠl-˖lώ5!~= >BXCG m9!{mc/]a:_c[{oLmf >!krg&9HQJM"Į}׺F}3Iu57m%ff|n" ^%fi()({^Us0=3U[T:e,[;R$+I^GOhJJ%]DI3Zakq_vWauwDʌ?^u[n Dܾ۸5ޛx`bGiJiK*{uO ~IS?+*2c]jC0GQT S_(?UW}-Ϛ=~eWsM٪*8m[G6.jkvJJEQK\u#KnN]]d O$}F썚<7]qߺ[ݧ7Yv&{Wpls0N{U8,⫥P[Cm{Wv]a|9~tViy7HnvNbY"IfeȎ45Js{/+G*YOFC|ژqfR7l,o3;40XXPRo3ۻ^u6_⛝p]|]c hv$ⷨz" ftdie 4PPe]QU׺W$,}~uuHe {I0ԫSir 7Uc}+m훴0vSpo`(iX\&#JRxm,pSqEU=t{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ][ލhiǯqMUBM)}_O98E ȾS;-l[9 zKxUHZ,K;-VM AjK' Nd7kϕ/oL[vI%TݔKr2xo,tR5E]/Sg>?*6WܽmVv`=y5>B%j5"S_S(%ꥪĩj"[oJ%/iЪiS_ݗ/)n>o¶_My2˂%™ZʠQmر3Pk,SM*:8f_(İn}SUr뷱ܲ:%ye[YZys)1MqfHOuy.S3ݭGC8k,E5? M"N\>Ru+xZɜ\X#xZ\ɂU2^c!"tROjDw= T-c&uCFjA~7oxt_?@ QJS׭PGWoVl/[`7v_tvՕ.lЬ)^p6SbTb)4ji*Viͺ5wRl%5̌Ķ):%wx0$ssy:߄RͩuXw:iT(?'ᴶ/ɿ8=Yݛm׸\nkkgNCjVC%~2,tRC% ^f|[l\ChwUІ)V zA1{o{yo*[ߥ1:[{^׺u{{^׺uḱYf7ڿ'Y?q7ӿ~?~Na׽tۙQ`qLJVV$RLP㩥!Y)bAf"_ߺ_r;xf|ܹӔgJ|)UfbNƦv%Mu]S ? 0U#' 0o~CP9;vvgvANgՔUfGg(Xu7Tfk.CjoyJl;5],M 5]%=uG{G^'D1`{ۧﵨhO+1{gim JR1gvy{CK`d%.g_nn[PG>Azu yWo;90GG*Ec{w7y Q{W&˰?w\Z^d~4Q4ƞG੧d"G) {ߺ_GD7Owߺ[!9?ʻ?v`0]vˤž {ZZI F40)E_2mpm{W%{#?g4n{{Orյ_tYU$d_0W@i)}:lY{-)7%?{1^׺]{^ />ifk=6 ub m.PѷeVVc#QjpUM{uc/~h; Ut>=oMߵ}عL'VbE]7' f_u}I _==]{7u?rW0; h^@/u0׺P?_ |߽t ;!՟Cbdw<,,Wmw&(^*)gU ?ug ~_|T蜄k-u|ޥ;kUE"yb?~{<tR -%41SSSB0A J HUTX {^pnMu9Ӟ- J]2 PĖq` {^ ޽ڟ?3zؽ'Tv&ߏ+{wô9Ff0SR^U;ZwƼ,UP{hwU6Yn EQ ST=Luׯ*La%#>*}&o_|=CUߛˣOd`P_w_'lJ55`AjS(u'L4nQсVGVEX>׺kC7Z/o{%mΓ#QuVfwgwNժT&MNWZh^{\s p33GCd)2|>Uu10hMߺN׺P핋_ wro9xѹ"ƦV4u7%\ugFUU='twN=T-2Oؽv|Q:BI``r4ߺ_v<]&7IKih((⥣)h))ii`R8UDU@{9÷&;}ftX|Mk2tуwQ>׺Ǟ籺C3GW;Ⱥ|&l9L->i2ޓDEPAwEU{S h[;/JvzsbI+1>;NF(O#^$H}׺Xs7yִ`/_)s(9a^`Jܕ]V'cNIdb|F]m6bLCko0flD+VRgvw>qzj!r#Sco~ ~e~휕fߕ;?&+3>G?eï ;P}׺~)vQ|oK$O5v/qUcH}N2y}I%겕4bS{׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ_ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^֘_ uc?:TޏZG^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~uޖZ5oo%w$-̾0ڵ)1]s9 bCژzݩg-.TF۞^u{ٳMp*S?ߢN8j5+^7qݣܸDdcCe"+ L' Of>C'˟q+b|x cX7M3v?w ͥ_mR:BU*ci#-ln5 5*cqF,ǯiOg}p^_ea6 vo-3jT!֎zN/GLݕnˍ&B FTT@X,j6gn .ѳ:]1$6y?}Qpl=as(F.df*zV>5o]-gemnݛ QQI_-7FZhr.c}7\;u7֛i[U0K_CL}c=}=+it*d & odp;xbJ jMlHHDY#7I]$V].JA>,Rj@!ÁEW[GfJ V}<CܸlV\ XĦfY;er jlYo7)V9D" ތS/y;~wgrŸ42o,r2IZ 7QLa{ۘvNPc\\ 3mݙBl^nYNI$r2%϶ #"-I5$RMII$ן9s%w%1nI!qq%YUj>@c}n>C.ޝ%t=ǑU" TiP QǼPYK s#v5;w1O_WV4-nJTA:*rx晨o zu{{^׺u{{^׺ݯ2g&\j䟻duNڿT\O[U:^*d:y솞:yvOhKRGJQ_H`]Y^GU ׺oӟ_~}VG'{* 3E1,&cg`|p%- TxxJlV޹ª,@R}׺ڻ<4K]YZQw/J9w9(3=5Ki#f7$7Bm{+ſtÿ×v_wm?s6Yl׆doZm\ĺo'1ڋ6>.jXc_alCG,tREV7~K,y\lP2:ga :oou [{^oSZY$^Y[$s9]oFF%""cO׺ګߺ_~}K?8?~Z*-@Q4}nKf+'k`Rxh?RQ%K_#>n>[?uԿ/[aE+7 ,Zuh/?;KߺT˗{^u{U0Ϟ5y*U|CQf-l~m2f2jj£FEң"N *O%0O;E׺#{^?H䯞`uߺ_cM+GǴ}t ?so ߺ_o~}n(䯎>D{^mӾ'bN5~OR:bcW׺?io>u7f]n_|w}ͣ }1k]IUGQ4RḞ{…qlcegc>3`{Kn2tA U1|o;oUJq S- HK{tEϧVpn_#.RiqMu0N dUH䨕#B7Gc}%5W`='HQnݛr%i|Tm[nUOTD3Ѽ(ouUN'?]+k?yÚ͙Fr=3B=kii SK]ZG?qa{9o֔οS;l=]=x6 uQ޾uUU>iGZEY|쎎ܵ{tAE"WY76LYX$8Β{3?Ώ剽yaw|uU۟U=NBhՁ0Rơi"{e]#~*7^߭J6wkf]ͧ8 A[I#EOP*)i׺k?(c=u~}}i}[oO.ܿ0ǍݛG;qc/#pb)>ֺǢhW%Q?B8|b]edenN G T(J%R_ȳ?į['S;.) -MVU~AdFR)'c@Ƨ{潽㦪;LSi%]]۹y G0CI֝o0U5M'K]Ɲ~__07Wa3G՛3X|VwfOag;6JZzHwoH(,=uϿu6wVlM݉G`u{ƟU{%8Whq8hC`O׺gޥ#ktcGaN(aܹ 6(M8)K} a3{/:6?IfWӊjqtWCO&-R3x>-Q|{_{bG|PhRFT ~?O~׺'+' ÁbZYjY63ڹh$n89魸g]}c4殨fwzDGX 4lIQ/0l0,բ0h<r6>6z@45 tibe8㏹zI$THwgc`?Oi\s._1B($at$P^mkܵhԸ فT+0#C4žBPFk;=Y*DsV&ˠ.؂]cX$b +QQʣ~w!]1wV>Cvl}kT-+e:(z -4Zѕݰ[ϡT#S.*o2"jα1\~]OuX<d6hoxi0m?Zb)B4,[^B[ő_w|F9ȯ݇$=gjc1bfml0 W{,v=ן>D|Ql_=oj@C310xʄ&y-Y$4^mY?o,50_zgbxCcbxN̂9KSa1f"2h2E{O~|Nle!:8V>؉Ov J-1U{^D`תa ͑ӭNMk(Yuߺ_GD7Oyߺ[ =^|Q=zG6K266dzc.c(O]up+kߺ_o_~}n*_#?iŐZwgCoHpC d;4ОE4lIIfF{uzeGGi{^rtw~}utNOrSSwvyf%OI܍YK}xׇ=u߿u{aTlL7u-. UdqN<[%SWɞ qZl{5_R|SUy Vo8yv5=e2f*U6#(лt[^a'{mR}9Z?CI*U㈂ec_53ď~omjzlsyw?^Q{'v^Gl jfgSSOPKQU'=S$(KW{}u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^֘Nw?uc?:TޏZG^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ޏ׺9o{\S9M#o"~JNS쾿a:L; >MKߺۛowH1TLFO' c&Fi$ӷ;*kPYCHtU9`4ʴ_zg_,nNyd<sq , U+G(]_yY\lo{z;dJji&;PcBDAIDH{K]){YGhdWK50~t7I"ϑ g#&GfXȪ ǙQ"Ǵ3IRV?;>.ۇuI55nռ#-N;Ypl]Tfjh*ycwlro P,P3>0$(:️2ް︿Ѳ-جݳՂܺV[,Qðܳ6#>R״ǰuzݵߺ^׽u~ݵߺ^׽u~?,ԟ/Ǒ~ĭ0cܱ..ܰ.y:j>7'ix<O.+N{Y`O gXm| 꿆üSZyO'/hϨ{mZ;U/a|ݎԨn+{;kLa_f$k~},o~O~Q(O-8_%vD!<.wICyk}SD|Usdou:Fۏŏ׏?uo)-yjI>Yv&ＯS4Yji߮} bď7H.ʣ:.{u9_~|ONl_nƢ8g[2C`＾~ xa̩zuCTb̬{?݄ߔ_8eޝy[{mEZDn;lڞF^$uxߺ_GD7Owߺ[SIW5TPOSMQMOQO:4SA<2,2YXe$Gu9ϧSo/qgzmF۬tg7a|bݐ4e5[ʪ,;r+\TykY?ߟ&Uw)ٟ{g5l_z#5.>}ⵑ%5б<2u_F^%%TUQdjm.؛ Q:JϋmOZC ,RW׺ '&0=' {v/qwd;Kym,[nj(1iiqkLi$v")$ [ߺU˗{^u{+]gw꽝zlnNݳkvo~|=,ytJLjH^35 py)ja{gz󺺟rl㷷҆ R/XI)LAQhFO_Oo ^":lc>bn~ |c1ƃ=^O[Mh/"}׺?VPf[{l׻c~ٻ/ud;.EzT8䯺_2~}7䯁`vЁ?Ϳ'_w~|auے9@{^{N.,HquM&]1Uhr C^MPO:g@}uNd?.ܘ{%>[KUN?vCKQN?BdT^ۿ(dz*ol};n*Gj*|^s6ulٓ9RSYdKUVQ5i^sM K-W-=+jWmnj5+xkj6V7wǑX&!PSf^|.EE| -2xMӝ}<2[pe΅dfR<;b{oI^oeo;vNW_xͥ_槟)UOc栢UVBX`4^oj|a7j7nn,.c>ߕ-֛7=Q>,3/Z}uw/Z_ƍٴO* |*lQ*rvǎF>쮖4{oa޶X)]\qdT2Ȗx؇S~|T??߰1vEU&&};),?ku6R=Rҵ>NY7-OSHYA{QFSU ڛ+)?˳Yh{#w&Q9T*W_:;r)j+YMYE4}K-5Q$gv`Vg1#CY>ŢޛnI"i m R,WK7Ew/,su2A+fNqk[1Տ+n̦͒=Ud`h>Zo%m7;n}g=c{`onzV3mWO=NnYmlTDag Xd/u˟qI"uhZO.ΰ:^{xdO%Mdᦐu( 㳾Owi]63RDղU52Yj?0:,u1*x5QKe7[Vؓ_5){RX2O5pCR 4n!ҵJʺOD_qlfel?Hlm Y39{+XնFB]YS)y`a^Bߎٿ˪Etug｛ҦW VV)!y(ꕔ5L{??Kꩩvׂ}͵kyؘ8y 4+){{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ]?{6Ws5OzRfs{NG:Ϻ5~]kvt_Ux-)LSS]Tuu^{{^׺u{{^׺u??Q1^£z:3Gxe}zyRMcі,qTQXwsR=@YMŜygp\hJ֕*p5 t n9#^\Wvf5̕(M;HBEHa~D|4辰L":tWF4'o}5a:A PbHo3} pF#Ðր'?:.z^mO-!sn#s>%ʣ%pυ:GEQ 8 ?`GHe'i&;e9WKwT Ao@=ͦn_ Y&_ʜ^EVqb3z2Q˘-3Jfѿ3K[wKޣdNDIe&<[Hz?G4"_suSn(l SklcUEYPVUJ튮j6$-@v +VѶr T^t'JF+iՀz0]thS3B5*J̩' `4.}m]D#5)htR=KI4ciPgI5W⶚+Xұ)B]"jUN[s.!}r+*|&ejJ(Y`N4$k־7in߹wܕO_{7/Y%)dU * WvYF5bĖfTlZ٭6;dFE* f2jjMzH{G]{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uz<^8?j򖭩ZIiATиj]|rMO\-")%T,yڰFݺθ[F;@k VJ)N{{?D_ʯ7j=~t~nލ/$)6.yprl*vWVXrk52;{^뮃 ɺp#;wu(۔YOYh40+,{ߟV8,8\qbr8,&?5SVBHT׺u_|>JN9p]ˇߴ5^Gv7g}[v*ш2UE$))4^ _O'?A?;;Km;xݷ?q7W^oMTx[#S-퓧++Dn~Ou`_L!OIʸߺ[fu?_/#: ڻmUt߻CIputɷZ]6BJ5FASGHe׺,-rқ>֛Hexro==U>?wlF1VL|TSK3A4ѿZVww'oDS6/c^y GnN5U;V=׺%2QcawU4`2?$.co#ɶ{*.9ըu>9=[?K."ٱճҍnjo5Ⱘ֒m3c,X"٪啤#">&)^V:.ɳ>𦤛ǰ̹;&Ϋ(+-[?u Y?O=}y1?jD8>R jJϰ 5tV2?oF{Y/>lug)}=#cmՆ59rufjx\ĉ],aGkK cy5>5S$+ B#>D7vE4p+p(AU:bfuK9?ad(҆s_@ًe'=;F/ ;_uaupj(L`e{#{uJF;6ת|.^ٴ}S[Nv$l˵ 5^S^7Xfb#S{ts'OO3_ : U0 !vmJL~=̈́QbJOWCSA u_Fo&뜾J^$6oTpaN$'+w7'2zR%vW+{:J:,-5DLNAMETxmѕ<)I M.F>2۝҅נ'=$<4ۙv؇]Qp\4yfR?[]6/fm6K {[kmeomͿiN/MF*-{`gG3鿕qIY]wxpՙ y%dؙjhad-uRDhqqS`y_]!v)y1ȟ+OO3_\f jbZd0^VO瘙a_ɨdTpEOĬ#Lw\9INY5)6>t5Rl+dwwh|4/Vmd H2Q?E̬W>|Xm vfslEG {6. l95HR_u}#Cx:l~7AEtt4T=% dvY|{k#{Vθz?f*7&fDeQ#{u'E3?;~AvNۘ7T[S{sdF {ޝ0afG͡E;6X}6`?{^~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ_ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^֤_u}/y0kCKC1kxඥg=׌5->$_ڨZ?py-.qdJꡦ5jjc{^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^?#p{oKn$sqdUn,P1a8nϸ[*hӠhSj)%ݑ"¯B={/1RjpMkT*va%^{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^?Cx*Gk &1I",Sn용d2 1S5VفӋVa-2@#uE3nyfIpZ 0<Ι@=wF׺u{{^׺q^v"o﷭~{ߺ^׽^^9m?ת>tjW=w{?~ϟ^&~}{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ޏ׺oۃÀ3ЛwpFIo.}Zycxkq@:B6)IsC'/csIç}7!}mE5Y,>kđ85=_X׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ_ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^‰_^lD$n.ނ ,aF #LrƛŃ{䍿a?w_yV.@vt= j悴-ӎO]Nu~{ߺ^׽uϿ#/uM+ߟ?1_~voO}ymSn&&ҥ^'3ܦSJ'MG[ zhJ{?X 2(Je,H LIgl>n7|ED-?{ym9 > IW?YezS{_k;+}uc-f|^O+FSkWvļ~}w6=|hi:$65 P~InuS;;Ww-o#I>4Kc֢@PǧAЦ׮?ߨޝhFӭ~ u/bh4Sۚ&b4GVE’_'aa=UFZҺ0s$_} /u~d41nC! q#?PW̿K>ӥLiQ~ϸ@} ! jƋdh9+q=C;{S $$WI!ͪB"Aj3 ivMQIS8f[.Lrȇs@Nn#;+~rے?d$drȩs:+|Kb@o*u(Vg37Y A|6N,u2z?"x ^>-fM5mWHk_18yևMՍ|E5(dӶPo [GskgR[R at̖쳰95q)ǩn7v˒?VqzdP$A1:eNʒdwO ;IZ56EdDDu0լGug{b%F׈aOR\"n^Wnqp20|A ,\_9AI2RTPp^Aի\~=ӯ~׺u{{^׺u9?>հځCw$&)2DzԤ<؝w<(ZEj=BA 3(V950 ~V 7zoc~xh+`m--[T,M?c@I=zν{ga];;wfbuwF[#Oۻcn))*:l~66Yd`r@׺?z{dߺGC~Iʭ/foWyZn|f۱nmԝUz~( /k`[3 *#ܙJ(5TƂ{^(#׺λM[iwYnF/w>SGYar%.C_K"ߺK?~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^w:M>}]:w*zsdz/vܻs9&Za:t$'V 0n0w.7w.Y'WhnS%Гߺ^׽u~ݵߺ^׽u~ݵߺ^׽u~ݵߺ^׽u~ݵߺ^׽u~ݵߺEȪ>)ӱz3ږ=W'òu041 }.2tZ:jy*s׺4S,0C4ҺQFIHE$@\^/ ;I7}0]^؅*3-WP"%-$+5ǿuǿu{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^h|ݝ~d(Ԏ۪Hi]}1FDRykz3[]!"ߚ cS>nbk7 %Ԃ5f%րu⵿Njq_Z#B_PW`S^ӝ{ߺ^׽uEDҝ߄ح#'ُ 2 ڔ$x䉱J:R8+6-,1h" |_}^mlF,n0Dc;GJk F|8~W+wj[nƧlv-O=>v FɉK_飆)'ɪ0iup6ɶg.fX R. "(j)G_=tNQ۽乶హX42,XP$S>;v|.۟\_sǎ͒j!,:te50&౷-c84CjO迼Ȗvd+vO=Q瞙^[9+fi+aɟ= .?-/2;pg]m PՌPRAJNzB߼*<&[rP0[i=u ıׯw'[W@E_:c3U j$(uvfvDQOgjJVan̛XT6kXjJV="MF,ź?%g><;7Uޛ[2j0(ӌ(wܸlf0Yu^'1R'Cme׺ߺT |f{7#)ۣ/*G՟^׺u{{^׺uCi𔏎?7>E? 7ľ܏v?{nSI5NoWdδl䪩r5EM4u3TM7GK6 oM]76[7pF۴;2 uZiuحRU+z:tY6G^u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽t޻7j6ݽ{8Ӳ7l34W{Wtb{%V7/xߺZGw"+Oj7/J|߽CԙŠ?2)૞Z<~յ<"G8Lл>$>'2T{7Cc} 7;gslPF"?#5LSS|QQQ*AO%bYV 0i$G`TI._PKo`h.Iod"E%RI6 pCfߓ%>ޓ<(ڛjn)^S,ˇzv}ia7{ =Yaje7xMI %MN:$.n)ln;h`j4"@ptϼW1r/3HI}RXLSg\VnXrES>D/nWZb{na禓mT '63d$ٵ:OY]#":T*(l[T&I]j4;zw3 [,vq*|&*YLU~@]mU k~kb~׺u{ /GvSGUM}+% 4w$GwM,Qϳ ^mΊҖ*{}%v[۔#y5\pgh{@=e׽uXηƿP;xu(׺6?~m}{Gۊ>sa}ߺ_kn\!N/ߺGK3nKO;1#4(3̜KAGEeK)D{\>EZWp?!>LѴIiXn뼶!j,Y;Nn{̫^PIGt52ņ͌*M:0JLKtu:E愊};eTY}cwWvR`ҁMɺuw?Z_qAv~ ~6:f%T)h"2A-bdx6;;ѴUWI<54PQMSO*OOSM2,ѳ,2xߺR=uGͿVǏ,;pt^]ـRQV5v>#SֶѨϳ𢾘n$ɷ=!㾧]մߝkS`⎮,M𴡱ʒ7餳+ݵh>&\Ա=ӳٰڲ渿Nܳ>RѾ6-Y,>$>?9_1_=Ym{rsI5ql\/Q?h43#(Q,ipOGH^갿E/?v^77hmhepo=MQUVdX|ԬwpdS{sqoY? #''Vc1x5 |QQEJUWS2(,I븊^6+QTqw@b맦Z uZz߲fɧRGu>A~pmā;Ըf>9aI]PuOZmω_3C=:/j^\߃lv6bЙ*| [\=#_Dsm—*n9;rճ6D*<;u lEmK4S+{^e/׺ߺZ|1*σtuk7Gٹ su KۇPhkm. $ XsU5)t7TC?𸝷MUSI˳9G쏑rƲ\T=ۢ$jFh׺.[e|cJ!vW#iQ1#G0JH @)(XuwagLt;wTu FK>%W =VNl릢HzHcAd ɾìn|}VG`tg]C}SR;}qͷڢ7rV.IxbJu\MK/C6+C3;32v^,E""o}cЩ[cH [o$ No 4%)|읗OR(UչcEk׺g:~$|;o]d[D+omU$+ Wxej:{tc׵1=ݹlUfwӽW]c憚3ݥݵi24'Gp[}ukOaoO{^d?̶7^Ae:]o_ɐx}ʭ^hQ%5#ߺ@t=cvCnNmpwsa1T?3`eV|g*S 5Gb&׺S4_[o_/ {mf[?rWcy$8=|WqOU$Lb9}A?V8p_+\n؞=&lN35VQVne^i蚘l׺+oSF4 /kn}"ݛwlMEO[U@8XJ6S{{g?O]S;S}vv5F7revS穾g6𥡫xM6VdE^갺#{vٙx퍱9=ݧqUۗ!IpUCjcGWx*&׺(?^ַ͋R|`ݼ:mN=ѵ0ݤwV_qⶮN=\bɾ"y b f`!?W)˝/~ w&\ݹ6VܬUe4XzWK,XukPk(}׺׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ_ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u1t=9/I2X%h1{~/ogLgG3 6&p.^u6\ͺ%;ċHaǜW~^ߙu]X F@xR ]I*[X^!} vvᤫcWR⨡IO6s=VSQ*ڛ7З3Ҁ3TuNNWARZ|o׻oyrm e4\z\,`X%X43齝wWl{qOc/lmM\*v> ;M $wvffc"[mְZY#QVk"Ė$bMN o[-{;<O$}I<pXo?觢֟>/=kݘy6>4+66<$P:ʁb+rF]N{))uR=?-mO-ɲvn{#;yc'_l/neJGS@?stȄ { idOŞf+)׸w,zaKH 9mV K"q ?iײYwrpX=3}0deZ1{n]]/;sRI#A$8uמU{*?p΢Y-cR\f_&յ:eVFVjʙ?=MD$!噉'@UT叟S5mmn "bTiQ~8_Oǯ(mn=lz,QcxĚ5>G)j[iNШbHe,h%ՁS_zy_mw0x1\ȱ)?iR JV=26ߺLyXL|^۹Vkp|elMOYc+cIH }-aY-28 A":Sa}{[n;mܶHGԂee"@gO= >-xo_GniBja"kGRjyPgڹ}VTh|6&2RAWܗx=[}?sp.nv(]D4SġVe_`]׺uAǫtOg9ʚ%^E*;’Qa z%~+s呸{i{!G ##?vnf}{흂/| Y{X9>ŏy\u~VG1T'){7u_tOߺ[_{^Q⏜l}u)ۣ/*G`¼ͻyߺ[.OGϐ~8ÿr5"z'Λft ޛfvo~؟pp˹*PgjšǭC`2^Um-{uQU;y6~RCU,rMכʱ8|\|;a{׬{]w\nǰɈ%V̀$2SˡD-{#vzo/ݙ-ߖp}-#9;tU˷zsd%y6hIGI {uu0%`3^??׺)|ˁŭ`{lJjٻFGmMJ+n8>|3Nl͸f`Nf6VJ61U"-V?#I$2HĎ}ujP|;߉y|˒>۝]u.) : zj/v!_uoS'?1㺫wO{JjiKSUn~s.M<;wk ]*O bE "p>#)L ŎxE->3u#E%=f7+ukQֆH+]X0:{G#Ae^2#djacazʇ6YdeHK1\{u|'?ʝYgΝܙl>Ige(^|UWsnh WV|6&x"^m b_ WIW=[J CfɸjXDsUT7M Xޡ=׺ثw]Pzo;Rw'e:6B(GݩͷlnZ)Ϛ`1;?G>-w CZ h3suj9_w&O<,uQ#MQ_G?Im_5~>O!wevx\>_e]Ò|쿏*уI}ulR^Y̕X+dZ^n޿_ߺ_ >p^/Kߺճ#ȱY.vζԻϱ߹ӎƶ<3n-L*,?W_uU|U}g<go؛n 0vF“n׷䢆y)iI$䊡O}׺ۻx_^ &辥.TΔ9 __LbY1mL%D)^7q|ڟ'{rϺ;3w=^Լ АX )j%6Sc1tPuF:7yvg2-۴y܆ٕqۏ/sڛ3 3cM#ߺWk!Nˮ;~>j?ḿ;³ܻ9ޚm<ɧjj:Wi^c9uEV7-ei%55>܋/ط>#STPtɰ'/u׺6?涿DZյ5է'_>ڲw^Ҷk>oS?_/7ɧ╴ʰRB[2/17(&W~I<6K{uU||g<-_?4_? '[{y#ϺLOg|cw5j B*sSQRw4~ߔ諽 5:giS$~|O~}uR?&Z ~DTd%gwDm fK/{3"N/#vPl`Ķ~Xu&':f3~AQd[+7/t=ݢ.Zn늸"g:UݡEW$hJܒXu'"oO;-9/>K*+nzs iKkA%FK[}=u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^} ?}A[ߺZP¦=Mw'S*b"q%tlW`UG$Ì*x}~ؔ7Fc?jC?=vyo93ܯo.&k 1H1jM^,OZ:]_{{4zu/_s=Ü dQ|nV ~#prb7^qGQYHSqXGHFFl^`[[ D\cQ%cI*~xwo>6S]z[D[ib;D?ЕQ_/>nu;ט^.|&j% jVޢdrX}YNUy)' v^ª 2K/b5fPVOpXeIgo IyZ[Uf]z~aœvW`acSrSxݳS#ˠ|O:1$or.lыP:3bkTbIbOjR`o= 6]̂ 9 )^x)j -u~o| gd3+I{bue&٥CcƔYLt8]&jYi$i}};_HZ~)eMЫPMjřG={#-r/Zٹ]m]/-nfmo7$QbБw)^KoSߛgn\u/B=OgꞫ#9=a1SEG2d3-޿ȴb)< wb6kKBPvq+P@w=wHmu x-ωhVSER按#Sn7;}uJ>L+Z2M00GH}9n'A^6 *5# pJ0 Ǎ?quݳUolދ&ajuamM;iܻW!E^J6w}ՍХ22Bib5(?IΖ5cq6v}q6ZI1(&;kaH8^=G8xqrJG5&IC!D}xx)~Un\}Գ,j~CJθ|%j-7)&g֤-"q$8*>O?sJuߺ^`:t@r׺{^uHn_\uun(ߺ_ _~}?rt8~V+۽?`:'wO~|}uS/׮}tuft?=S%[wZl]ٛk7Q%\b}׺/F]U?kTACqRWm"K%-ZF4]C RaFR=׺ǿu0%`3^??׺}^) vbAMCMqY>l?ftUr`75:a^QeVO9c3Ŝv-CD]Tn:{u?N?׺;_5OG'qzaU!jRu.# i\u PGkt_ϛ;!ﷺj^*WѶ<]A:jۧwu{a{^G$r˷*g}pvS=ݹqzI-i }q-{fMٸ;[Lչ˚pq/WA @ZzQ`O<{>?t}M .]x隧?:&K1% UUڥi$Gf> ~׺:>a?u-5.o~>͏h7Qoke.4k$q(uT.t -l.N-M)}qvOI* cF1u}|ſ-z^oCO%}{u7uOKNZw&Gndxŕf^v"㒢}ED ƍ-}'{ٰ6^I 2cuw;j|'`c:#U//؝{7|Ga:n|l{Z T=M UT0S3uu{¿>q/}unܿ?O^k~|qH__:|W^C[+{{߿uϓ]Qu;5m=S;7K-&y ѩx<zլ$uee{u>ݝ5ٽ;q;몷m銻ᛳc xȐg!ߺ_HEɄ?!0dڣ;˽@Y,-L(5^ao|.Z2>ESd?n=қ ,qIOuXTFݸ5Q5zj:ɥT;sTbyƈYu{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׏^ٻnv~cB3o;l5n}4_TtYJ*B+ j+$ %b/' ȟyYGoMO swA#}|澟EWϼq8bQ~xb}cʝiA]]}}-me]hUP(aw:Q+fXJ+1 I:@(ē@< gZ;m .jjv*Hh+5 ?_!ӥ O^}߫Lb*)էps?>~*t:0t^.;wtjj2)!UOBzy[J"~϶go7Τ XjFejM`1?r>^/6r&dkH!h赞4 dUGh`53;u|-_ܻ=]S39:*Y*zYߞ8&%312RXԒMI%YĒIbI5%Miͯoض=+=bMaUTI&.+J~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^[߁Z"?S7lyޔx^tlϊMѲR#c󯁪w:-qEYNih l޷=igگu 8[N  ={[;4wdsm 5?> V 5T0ԚZ #|t}DXdz6zm[]I?̷v'ɶ˗ 'ߤTA~wOu6ݻr֞A$2/~H8<ɶ˗S?*P̎ܝܟݗ-׏FGqq|L窽\xd׺EO7?@;O+⯿u~׺>{>$ۋjUu$ZxrYzk{#ib(òI&>|>?/߻2C>vF7׻;uWT2dbHgͭпull=Fo!ڝ=hn>tiDXwablE@ѭġ$eDDVzd($M#p~׺s*?.*pu=LGkojK{tdi;~Q-3WTCEL!1n?MyH:GCNG7-r^Y՛^|tyߛG|É˴?=:Zņb|xc [KZ{;cw3TSuO=Sqb;E#4IͶe0! 2XXcm)7Og6Q7htWRu~ʗy7bNAUu#VuK1l}̗3aW)=ϵvmM}ي:%f)ᣚzjxHvM*{uo'ݺ񺋧;{wwpvO!m>5͏P)iDl,Y\~|1O[u:b_8G׺{^QOs4o ̋$SE")cp$r#6>׺<K||zszuc>/nOvz7aO_ym c߽IA,&LRTi^OU>in4l>Cql3kQCU WtJ<5Fx%Oa{+7?/5z򵛺F HW~RTZڌWҏu?>Z7.%~6z]}C4̊C-[Wua*B׷rQ=m$6"׺I0 O_%_~|1u:mۤ7/.r׺ߺ__R$!׺7|{^{[ߺ_'V_Z\-{,c`ߴhqP +wۇpUgKfҞ- &K5錞BJ}ǥ;aa4͇Kqm,Q/B<ci5_._ƀ"^?j)d|M ;]৚O;^CAdSEYST`Nu2ίR}y,D}.Z-x}3ݏ(۴6n ͔5dw =׺E~ o׺{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽t;;ov.}+7lϋKon|]V5A!Kq UaCF&rs9uRXdY#o]|C޽;Xn ϲ+3dej(3T?aƬUyч =ng.}wc7J~zOFq9r7)sķmO4gQ9x߅H@״} zu{{^׺{"z \R;bU\Ki7&^azZԛln䢒)P#VE$P GOr[KwckjNXzqL`5 ;\k;; FIbG&GM3"EjLl/Uw/Uv@;tl-݌Yϳu{=@&))=i`)ah&hث)F *|4lx>e ջЂFDIԌ⢴9o<[quO޽.zxg>ٻ{Vnڛwd~3$DIU:y _Ui +H =nɱ@[kgnIO*B"2>o/i᫣J4;>zyu$d7SppG#jEWKi )5)"Oz)=啑NA,Ab3wmm߽6W9&xO~u 9>ؙ)Oݴ.[Ȩ}g,oAcR=8 WP*h2Tux9dx h%*~}hMTSVEwi:Km"]Hee9 jP?ztG-?ޏ}.z}xx׽u~{ߺ^׮ǭ_s>jF|8) +4={ۯ*b֊Z}h"[ܝlc͎c5U{4^{9>}=x5ܴz#M*x:x 8`H,PaR8E*H0ʞ]|;zu{t45+ tmߵ]֓y̕}C*ᣠi豣?9w_MJ:+ejkQLN<>ucWI1m{wT lFRiᵶ,ѩ]=* $GfM!0XI̾|y#oǿuڟoVGYv~oȊF&ꝱ)gx::|E2eXEunmޟ̧uP׺|)uo>׺?׺= um7*rm>׺^ _'1<uSoMP{߿u ?ǿu_\'sgέg3M/ovV#vr/vtjdAJ:Z #Ѥ{ur :êîv\bE𭅴6X#RI 4A׺^?~w{{^쾾pϽ}u!fz>ߺ^׏^꧿'c/6WSmuʨvM`h֘Ègb6 \.qd*#^W7ߐICS'SnZ[J_an\۪btw4eߔ{ _OZu`!Amx󪧅t֔TXjkT@ۏƥ*^WU?vnV۬kw NkJ=w+=^aӘ}nύn Y^39 \ ЗQ"%k=ˮw}{{^׺p\XM uVƝ}(;>6& :{3h|W?Ulf'bɺ1q(pfEn<~f4j il`v&؅:1 dg$e ?5',{-~ali݅üv "i' e;r\ ZZ7;`o]ىS[57~pnjøʣfhruYl=&RT9Ap9ݽ{aZf 4> !`&2R:|nA $Q4pOQ U=mm#X-`H*0 /ndḻ;:jֹ'=:S_ny鎻_Stl]6~/B;o7#Se*1 ة7{n~o!׺?׺= um7*rm>׺^ _'1<uSoMP{߿u~Wߺ_RY!7,sP쏐9:?'x#K JLgpc% B2WJ$uIrv:%GwE{ ׸ בH̿n}]Q]"fu'"W,4:5yL ZWIJRj|~27hvAQ*=&RgƆ"A2c{uuT{ݗlNM[TjvVb_BŘMRrjߺ_k?I}[!E: 1T〒Kͳd|HZG[jmE_ۮ(|mجS%=h9 V<qWrն*hjq9}׺ߗe|G ]հ~a|_[rlﮭEH(wL d 2ya}2O׺. ?Ŋdoo*ZZ {۝@:ޛJj@+җn37s|aiui:1Cj%.GKI?p$g'be׺~|1O[u:b_8G׺{^ o{;/=[wOal@-in99zhq8=LVÓ{gQ 3T3//bGOg>O]A19iq׸4o"lN^UdO3GF'X:;OD3 }1ٻ;Ozޗ N=uHH miQՕt{?yϖ'A|ܸ|o;jG:TRmNOpmZ5 JҡI*$[7uO]9*>dW⦋bI>?}NSLOiukZM*^{?>qo>׺d{^uHn_\u~|?T}M]s1͎wٳH2ZΝٻ=IN v.SB ^ꏀ_;ý#otc7R =Y:婛ݰc2G#z9$׺]xN'Н8l|u9ev/o~_MOQ{^Uk|_w=Իu\OnWhm܅TU9r׺]O_n={&|u=^WmŋIcfO~G{rV]rf7^mϸrrGylljS+1 acE {^GGdGޏ{Z >)gwvlb_~[u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uuyoOou#kk'jGNTXZ5_8: KYß nw1Y׾?G%>K_P{(eVVW8!iJYJ6$`m\8Ӟ5#4zν{h}MU?t[rCujrYZ {MNXhڿ%Y4@O0Wnݶ&m3\i-$*,H^,}d9jjw6l HM4RDq $@#QH'QEm>f5>C7/<ӟna&;f=ȸ_<@#>2kSB,?tno;)lºu*5TfUh#:9mOooŰ3YUwŒ"(FjB$ښ1#.{kmm훷Oi`[kmmomͻX|t1cXF: j n:5(a#DP{XbX@*)uʽr7vݯ.ei%Wi%G:IgvbYI'OÐ~㟧E_*2tKqNh隃}v7^DR'hgБ3FkYXkaج9w!u( |J+{]Oڢ uhc΍@5v<2HJi2qr%9 Q ' UOT~ WĐEzC NaLt^`spfukd{kg;'(w&2-Dg4x"mnTK"8XP_@Ic6}˓/-g^$ ՝t4LG(-1* >/4=%lQgwczLTo{,a0vѣ)2JIZl1$Hn1{w5r9NNQkY5bYy{;s&␭ipfepĴdyC'nA $eA_=߶]3ߛ:knM(kb2VmۇGvn{.{ZZT$8j#$ ͶK+ WiBT"4aPhEj ;_<7*X!+uH(h @E%XQgq/{^׺tarۗ3۸ u^_;PapLVv>櫭#%_v'DĒhxtmoX`؅T5,p q@zg=Q-Zul?[m6-Xje_ K-5V[Ag斲JnٳeXH;4ʴܭܛ2luJȷ?/峰չx岹]رŷ3d4Օڲ0U3?v轇ܛs9HqٌfjZ$Uxg ~~|GchvK"-c7Ȯ{d>ڱ+*1~>*ݣbݱհ*ٳ+?˟mjɗeڵŕݳ¦S-䰿غ#VH{?Ţ갿_';u3䴥ͳǒñqҰ,ǿu>c=&'Ƕ<ŽXsnzpL^|^nWGwWOu׺up,_@[;r^i2;xzmqX***pxmxhs;0d^Ee?z;{,=uoK? ,?)`cz֓}.5Llv]Obo6e#?͗{)G&vo*ڟN|t^:|m qxl4@:43{uV8̲`r]3ܒSBZW!qᣫijP~ޝVk??)rZY&JxGzn &'ib Ul#܎u (!>X;>z ~v&vNbjs]PRϙv_'Q[<Й IK{u?fz+.(sdž]۳-bif7+x%BRHV{ _~aBo/{7z-Y= ՘hϚ˙\ظr:IgB=uu|F#yş]ײ;N a7.hۗaR̛Fkp$+dǺ_5NM7C䴵UPø7Oml,kh Iji2$iYRGW M!W?_~<'Lwv/guͨ/G巖 OUO'Ku@[{^~O{^ ޻Kqm1P-Y0٨T͑FN)M\{~uG:e5Y, {{u^ɓ7;܆v#{ ~;'r5ikkόWE]׺[ro{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~t~ER(:_8__7wfۘƣ/ee7fʧбovzxGMPF zӽ$kKKdOJu4 -R{cj]u5gNḒ&t3-$NLj&}ic~=q֎5[z'? zn~#?ۛ[ٍPAcnёڵ֚b#pK'!oL{}5] "HbQ,k*BҔ&r k?x9oͭ׶’f[H|Tf#xb";0*6+SQ05&3GRⱴxl~;C0IRD4!p/jF[*U @AZ(hrYdV˳1i/#Igo-zV7pl+jͻ+gLn&d2Qӈ)j8(m{ވjYDR@R~6ܡ{e:ۦhBr2 j ҬEl|tueۡc6*nJUW *jnnn{UWnc{./E ^CG$pFǴK=i)x`fCHZց:usdosiU'>x6#|B 9"gCRʦN]݉iuuvfoߕۮkke0IVUum4o TܖC _G+yL}LUt,u\Y IMe4TRUѕA U$&tUԊejcI O}o~5w߻ }5~ޛ/w u>+YWbb`)HȪ<+IRjM( c{r˛5ߴQ F;1cROIO{.= v? ~%mM*SwmLuUø]q*#O";ޢ}?,n;nO\˹waABѡykG>k:u_{u ܔX]ZMKS=o 3=:Sf(=IQNdQUMK,Ank9o1iAGSN*N J+fU{{̿wp,hi&اfumJi u2XdxgMd$jV\$TB*@")>μs.ޭŸ<WZtZpB>}?yQ֛[t>Kܿ"f,TutܔWL滏7T tJJz2V T)#uw; 푇hk\?zS=_n<%m,CETݹ@:mpqJ=oas'O~끽w{{^׺u{{^}u߿u{{^׺u{{^׺u{ ߏ/~{ߺ^׽u~u^Cߺ]^׺u?׺ߺ]sǿu^׺{^~{ߺ^׿[׺u{{^׺wzA{u~{ߺ^uyߺ^p=u)a1^P*㦢)䪭*zZJhITE$u%͋C0o)MtO|o7TW/͈͍;ށYm -5u|Q)WS).3[b&> .Cs|߸1$z oS g/gw dX} <`Z,u׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~x=׺OV/7x~:]5[K*\R | H%H s7ݞXcJE8 NiT}}oc=}{8#~6锲^B.zI)*Yiibz])UdXR>q:SHDVe jC8q}t ){_[=]ZCtۙ,&Y췍t4 ʨ֠<ռҤLJ3~s夞Z 9VrZ +h j5)l}ly-D) nj%QDG|sDF:E*53P/NNٛ+9Λ)jq8mb2ejMlZc1yIKQQ[]J2 K%< OMn;0B<3!A#>3בP!7%[7`<$isr$ig.Z#_m4r;HJ;z=[Mso QnWqVRcg*Z]LQ0$$e]f//-ŲYۻt(VbV5QZ`d=lρ {a*#ؙۻ{>3-ر%<3$҅2b ,ɜe6֗sf:z1؈Q:PJ/qqⴖ+ɥZxRH"i`?5GH_3w0o{w%,e]}+DpYdry QAX {\nwXgTXp6 I&3`Qwc6{w"X^ o.Bʨʙ+$i`YtD}u<~{ߺ^׽u~x~>Q{ x`uK;|Mݫ;mQ;qǥf1nYii}hLΑ7܉'ƟiuhJ+-8ZԊw)(>?տ\} &n Tsk6Tq m>XJ/R?8)]Ϳu_ml?\KUBq뱱ѣpy&eZ:– q'6׿?y칿GZ8O_~d|ĪvME;vlm֊-JF K9'Ros.an E(R(@u:tI @Sw[]G/ -n-j ̉g2(BOth@ {*ˏ=eWO{gmGi+YNxU;y|FMijr,Tp#Ϸ!Y@Ic@̓~m>nvK!ґGcDE,p'_c!':"(*74op(ӹSrKQ+D!ì0b12/Mu'(yoebڭ@8 |NFO)A -s7= 90!Z~q*ԁ4PN{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{q?Q;mrûg@n٢E;rj뻣q,"Hpu%VO׺"^umB?7y\[c7رwiQEMN7V+,dn4bj{kou'ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^?CoߺZ …Am'G;YS H(6?wM FSpYP)3dX*G:pu\h0yy O w1םynV"Wu*B/jJIǰ۹bOq|^׽u~{޺J7fgcoww`ny竇nlyi)B*,Aîer/acL$qz|N_y~۶pk ]+VTPVB][QrXں :jJ I#HUtu*}rH#ќvpAukpJC+Ue`C)A{gV<o{޿.W{:G][׺u{{^׺"zpkM~o]voW]I6_ϿatvCC-j%td}q9n4и- >հǾɱlʷ6ʵ<6Wp$T0EV NͽqSu~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~|?)Eb-5.m I >{329z毨U22G׺8|폚Snm=ۗ5o [ﵨ ECpTʬuH՚{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺g~"66M'O|sw[-[rf詗pgCLPepmGgyׯQL&cl[.6 (9$'emDjQB*Q{^'u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ][ߺE7ƾwН f<殦X+tsw`$;VS Ux^Hܳu-{ J VM ~]'].Bn|Mo(c";mhVEV/_;3|vŚ ٰR_ S&'t'&}*VRs,i;s\mkIn>L~9u_\"r?ƽp6F%`>a4mIuf/>)L"Wˮu~{?9}~1ê9{_|9]زn:E -fN l|+Jc9rVW5M7l%nbNcW3"(IiBŎZ1T[j-`dp(G+hXӗa@n-;o;q2ؙ{]}_d㵶VW=2Y5FƎ [۲495o52 SSh({^Q_wh9 Or<ѭqQL)b`,3-#7,t:fip{;[qENDm5tzocFΡT{`Oc: D9ec# H?s{IX"-2Y+Xhnb]Vm#dDbsyUc&P.9Ѭy$ud:Ո#bdݧST2j$97=&c[3Ewq*=n%"H8_.yoWzھSP/:RQRk#=_k6-xE?@W5,H1HژO=[spϩATQ-YeKS>KMHaG'хG[ Fz\:$充IsГk-כg-^Dj$B$& ȨMxp((z( TUT/7N9ZOߢtNoxȡ{;ǀ܆{Lwc5K/]v/,$|AP㩟g-%B60dN ܹi K@'ʁYI,g.siW:_ukI!եwk2;n;<޻w/&2G8L%NX_I9%T+,lU#aikl|s6[ݞ;'9qbgFn?"iѸ ={ߺ^ׯn?z 𯰾z|} ed=횢`u.Ź 9L'SO BosDQ 0ww">IPd IU*ۧ:`t/Wl>6XݭobeAZFMmTi'IOYZ[gm#Pz $Rxۿs3u<\ 8" Fj*j ~{ߺ^׽u~ɾ*˨{Wh(i}|Qcj*\^L= LTsPݓԪĎ}uS? bcsu37.SrORϸv954NEO.[K_%׺~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^Gﷇ^ꍿqvGV⩇*C H%콟9Ny+Px %% 4^}?y Z%(~d7y#y폵̨.x|ޢ J%ZLS[ƍ󽭢VU4 k`gdjjyd7PTAEefFR9SzSݼOsʯYNel+dPE3è7o?_{Oy[cVޝqK}td"Jhv۠e⣦Fev n&yUAbƕ q 苘Skzlc`{㷁K6YK@ =l#o'dRtwL6.j `A1YM{J|r*i5$uZ궷7C^̔;c =s\9Z\+nؽ!E/nüw]5MU&bs/IMz)j`y,n\˖-vwPq2=µ@sX/>Vfљm "YU<4vV0^ ]B7\jKI]YLgsThVqg?SE =*(H>ݖėkW1o yJNG:u\pvOu&-J&Xq#fVRS b@iozm\>kk tm)v`3l%L̪v>9R/chOЊ@>uȭmٷ-hy!6$FGR@_ɏ>`lv7~݉Qb2 5ݛVzG=[v Z$eWK-wib+5fQEp4Ȟ};\HCm}=kۯ5)tF&Ÿ DjWB4aj~EN{VVzT1]I ,yeH!RAOJӲSOH@'me&mO4'YȟH;d~烙x}VkRr 6h><8y?>׺Rퟺ{ vm09=ϼwo=fW5ECPS'Zɕ -o 0FZfj8Mּ:*7`-{fi(л*__I3KrQ3bx: .b%l^i6Ŏx)܅5NÒ|pܱ0JXz +58}=×qi-٪U誳_15cw%^دY뗿u{{^׺u{c+r~׺C^q*s{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׮?^׺u{{^׺u{/0O#ߺ_KM+GǴ}uw׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~]{C?2ƍ)Os-.Vɐ 1L*40Zxe[Y"~ ~.GF2?e?O7lN?[V"=WҳpBqfݧT`n-c_~m+b÷'?O_K?m_ ^鮿lK-ofw|v=W>S [볪a9z,^Ԍ ˎŵ8↞5L=ח6(YT .sTpA:UE8}}ט7IcD #bmxE‘c2%YF-_2oݧVhu5FpEUF<& nU25(%H˻~]ˣPJ:W#$)I~=jZbk[_$.e%z) `ȵu V_뽑뎡 'ryc6wuPep- }& p*Rie D Y5&imE X#"G@ 1 ڙ'gO-xH"I7C+E.d"BJ x3 &YNn;?A"b:BOI*)%d+Rܰ-5٢R E!oPyTxSCv[Ofk)JV#G;Z٤Z汓֡Xhz5qe:B믧^mo:MFOV CG߁dTu$1>ʳV<Շkpl >E+S֨@5=}LKhVCwl^Ul[/ x"iZWHia%Xd&oq;;[ )OWm0_\,IS\$.A #epTjV ףQ+&۸-ݷ{Wtamn\NGp9zH+Y.^l~SY)(+xI#r}qo [\E*rXT0A Cһ ݪsnq%DbtteVFA>R|=/Yz);:jMMd}{^L~&f9&9 Oӥ1sv6=mZ$jFYO9qv7"MVv*d R8%n׽u~{ߺ^׽u~_K%_}ߺ_{W֟o~׺u;}ޯ;rn[o57{klmuF_9WNV*L~/K$һ~Cǿuh͋?`]-.n2{)jo2e55=G~ܘ LpgEUW4^SO{h]4_)3}ڏw5k-;ɑS$b',T7Af>=o=7bfQVF~֥H-]LJjKBi[/2r2׺%%Mҿ6pbiä*r(1&%Rhjw]n*YQ]ZMbJ*}׺9׺qGt@|x޷[>썽e a6dK c%.SKJireҞh9lϳQ-n aψyQ48;[hd#ˉH=]C34ќ$SG'=|T헋#*nőqQQjui_Y˶>Sk /қ#U/66=znSJC]T`52tpu^:ym}BUf+/ػqX8'ٹ/Mj+=:ʅƺHk%'k1r2zUݑLN+F9f cm(-[{uے_{GߺW{F)O&S'ì~_1ca剳;y:zN2l/ {״kUX3M7 =ZռDiq‡;}f&L⋷ߦzng45X F_wuoEm4SjդR< >򑧇'C܎6,Sװ3'݂8)7-nlzYKܮ*'Pm.ٴrFv~;lWaf]Q1L9R(Դlӆ]?-a# vɷ|Q˰("3ձ0Ğܵ^-Uߊ1/|tϴ?⳾< d7.nr r4d5quNꯓ}5 :CwPo{#uc|Òe"ԱU$U6e*}tSTGHл{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~pёYXe` bXpG[ kxɉ?ѩr5nL%9tRa,lBz)4S ):q"Pɟ}؜ȃ ģ5ƚkr/Zs^n9$bf871\)3ͷ>ѻ'{h_޳۸ӏY۱֮%ڵ$ݰ&#,ܳC.C݉g]15S`o9sl յm$5U 9AP&}])B6U@ p{K}~}mg{m̱M(:rXx~tAo_);/qn.}w>OC (0;oocv$6LP+;<-DM"+s᥺s>(N$ͻ'țlŧY`7'ٮ =VTbEIk#qSGh9QGE{+o:7(Z$q*.'at( ۛ>\'u{{^׺u{{^׺/,>K/{?uM2?1׺=u~i- 8ꯏ=7`1y\gwAITMֹu>udO&#{v%I'T \['/~y;[:?j^`3I]+Qw#դ/ۛn45Rf+U-:ӟ?^~SO];?.3m,wu>ܝrI,7gl42"+&#=)V4mQCJ{uO:˯|u#G7aw"eM.B>X7AS/=uĊ#I+(ֈ˳u"g+OZ=u>׺/?+~0'Ϗv~9=Uτݘ gGe b-%u4r!}uwoJvg Oﾤ6 nSRŔWV?34R,^mGjj#[]ӽXq4v?]PqICC̱ďǿuDG-RoZftvﮥ=e)LEFKho%>*"#{SVn=Ővfn1YAM#Ks1FњM(293Lf:U@(_e > Vl~ٴ0,3M ȩrILVV$4^{/0X >׺]o?_?/={Zb |;)D+qm|vD"ەD^b%e%*IUfu5_:w?'.,;O*}ؙU9,o6{{',GY.'>K3T@u7Ŏ_]jcvxؑ |@OT"$}ŝyk UyL5#B>ڵʳDz7=´uͷ12<$;+ l2v8Ŏ^j֪NZ7~ƮJ#]mS\5U~i~}D?o X}(َٔ>YN꿴ŝˑe-ve^?X VV@#OF_۬g(̏^?)~59n{^~׺5®__=;#QmkOIAv.Wuo]ؑaT _eşhX vnuȞ8׺٧cY7WB2-/fvR.jw&Ԧ>S&4= Kjr৿u+׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺQkhTUx%5~>hx*i*W$ԣ 2FR(G=;[M ŴlYIVVSUeaB A9i忑uoLQidzu#vKajUsQ] 3VzC,A:>6.M1<(22S]=!5}wXƫTtT )n ԹՐ~xܓf{I>_uԅ _8:q\0<][׺u{{^׺uh8fzx8`YW H#(,IRNT,o#PI'*I$I"noLi|JhϫA6/| IhY)0iLcEq~qP ͇G$qM-oe7Bv+&H,(VR\ Tp dma}\"[,玹7O{{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~_K%_}ߺ_{W֟o~׺uP?Ѭ߿K~m)G:'1 횮ê%%tu'{wE.iL?ݥ2E,cv8x)hdFȪm{{^!a㺫[04Pwd]ETֲgҠPfu%̭]wt@?_+Ouou׺u,?쩾JOߺ_g=nZ@?q;{bmב_>|};װ;C)M I*nͿOMV-=5CTE KŒU'"cҸY0 RStv۔qe!ƕffdF#T~}3u~|aKf?GynJa~XhWl_'5+]A3dYjpX-ٽx ,ۇ+㽵{K?$=yMVUn~JWf J\:e".t?Xi5~o~}d=u~|l}A#<Cg*c([SveiZ3RVVAcxhwC Ճ;2+ %f>̣:=SDF4-H$E47k}׺ڟ۬g(̏^7ƯO7n{^{{^ gMt+׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^cߺZ6 77^yoeksZ6UO˳#[so Kq 뢘 gTW]۟| nypcL$TLH[-6~{3wf /w6b3?fZ^O]A[K:2I  ̤#^pgwvn˄WhdTaUtt%]eX}Y=Aхx׽u~{ߺ^׽t oUv7vݵսKsqwj2LK#M+5%X,,B,_toYHHmE/Px}\\nYw>+^`:y~n>_9 ۃ6펢j[&Zf B~puȽl@s>N/~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺEWuu㩿U#7ߺBu{*c_y3 1 T|Q,9$xtdh+ޠYY׺ݛ4R'?N՚[-cU]OЋuu{Dn?aw#w5=,rȑMBh)՘ZJYe*oNYI}P=u~|pj}Vl7{-U CݝsGMG#K>RJhI^U2(cA$ b"XWIm $IPu{^one2?{ߺ__T?]{Ͽu{-)7:̭bpw}uu{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u =׺A80En篧CRcRo^MSHT8,P07iTj XUs'Jt$־F(iw ut@MFrBNZ >$Eȑt) &̓YTSN_4fJ gjhjҗ-I+TRĬsWA'KO:My>ǿ{.{ItBՈgQ!jtFG#PKa{$h|{{^S}YU?(N~qviw_yJ:mϢ`Q fFA@DQKVTѤ!s0s+|=?%ǩzo>珘/8l`ndyE,OL5-e6efmܻ flTGB"GJj6[9~=W ;jo@=js}{7B&n[@6I}$SO2#8}!~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^ed_n?~|!uo}if9Ё{~|?g]{ƺwvȿZ&k SmnFcvFl_ PTR\"w#r|;_!NۧA;vVH}tƒ"Pn^<+2aS׺F6ڽSwRmT2->j%v9IFDXqtұbT7#ߺ_ ݜ!{sJLENSwj*dn9q4sO㖶3便fO}>1?ǯ: d~ i. b ,xPмu̭]wt@?_+Ouou׺u,?쩾JOߺ_g=nZ zߺZ>:;{< %.hbvt'uy^ x]@C }׺֫/ {/3nx[QOK^W`;aQ<l$V#I"իߺ^俘O,ctx~}.7䯁`v ޹<5 dY|di\]`ʰ9ߺZl;:gow&l̕˲/cR$H$vu~ Y[Y}׺[?}u_~|d更 Z_zfZ$iwuH4++K-Fle^a?E_/^ M!Ee9mӛ_(rhf7-YHm`{ubY2P{/*o_o~.ߺ^eGGi{^?V1??8;>׺ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~t~oߺAhuO[fnlm rS}kjn=o Xm[!E5QK:Ȓ*Muko{ v$ XTȎz?~k^Jywۭ~j=R5+ :0)"ϿMg.s~?x;7>nKy:,}n)f8|TD|\$CN:g_Sgr\mj@Y+3-bP_U?{3wWw`޴WӒڻovjR(tMAV41YwBUwisg+AwlNC4ȊiT_g6^a-q{iRX+ {YCtCSE1>1h l[sp4.b!-sRmy%WMOQن۴h_. fT|z{lϿ͖{V۝&g"IHVT4C]Hzl:㮤v_l;+F6U}?X`"-縂{n%X"4r;\KA4|5`8.~]gC\I{^Im UmtC{"Xpv2OmvLVژ,>X \N omeD )1HT$PG*O(DbQ@Pzpo=kyIfI$Yw%Iɩ۽$׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^X/ܿu׺/Vze2[˿!{w\tnjX2j%A<,~+//4'9O~[7i?FmC-2{wF+h7̬ups8Q%-mMCVӵ)7׺&qhsO?$1Qܝ5%,1o!V:Z~ے5KMbަh飘^sq'ߛm Nޤ9[{cc{Rd[in GXj#h$Ou= JLݿ1>fm.R˒ؽw~jX25:%}UmQdT,}u(k#w|^;9jӦ>DVlz*+ì1; ʊOk((^kRZ_u%7L/6nU~%j}ճz !vȌ3^j Xt]WnLE%}.6 ~}GnA?_'׺2v?yޞL}?վ׺^{^׺C|+??~}i|7u~2m;=U5< z<#EOپ9,5ټIc׺5C|ɗ; ޝuh{m-N+p;wq.G`]faI]K_if!jiϺ[+_Vo]gvϭOkA{-TGjd`MՁܛsm˴RV3P(]R*C^7QW1XhZ}'ygD1lݛw} ~T`~d[{r;-ݲX4ɸEn+;] Imr9Hz^3zkX|H?cV,̈TC O_񆨫ijj,cK+kR"|@y2x<{1s0n{ܿ2L:Qx$kaT t&ڮ]r׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽tKٽm]m]]Q6=fJ8 ~)ZHk̈fP׺x;G}w?{8{E]Gu@C|Y}u׺_>uq[-o|U`dEC"'0ߺW{ho9]ɊS%NwO.: =-:7jlL2(SYgd8l${u@w.j-ߨy\CutڹW(AU C \bEou//E_.+Cn :[fd1[vϹa͋ mV׿[uWTGuNc:aa݋0Xq4Ln2($=#+<>׺zm۝;!|*v>oI6d$ϼkMX3[W{^P_P}?!/2ru]v{mmovK%Lm$:Ju׽uf/2vodvdW||]o`}׽1UnC=QCM,Yi10Ȣߺ[j|d __>7` τOm˖WTl<2tR2xh&4F 鷿u~O)0.鯖]={[hǓRPn틚Ϲ:y^qU^j*5Ԥ׺g"+`e,e`y1z~OF,콑6LIO I6vtZ IM_Yŷk1}S2(*uFWbQPՔdV-̥oɎ(z~>\qn(3S^7pH{u_GtwS|km]pkԽk]6NJb榺X▶!YW[iiy$g> ׺&7QbA7IOd8jm ! ]R6[B!B j)DiZJSlfԨgU wj,0l塚{P~h4JWP['s@jJl8Vڙ3}rN˓Q|0Vyzj熁;l{&Lhou:G+bqt=<<ҬI#ud~׺M+ߐ̆| Sev+a3JY M&}!R#y# {J}񓬻#{"{d|mMG#U3jicvOR9uD?S{ۃۑ{{'çwv?^ YZued}ǻFV;,u1V@c>׺^/nuuo䃾3{7 .TpcS$SA7T!LKo{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺u{{^׺uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽uߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽u~{ߺ^׽udD phoenix WEHojS 66666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666hH66666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666662 0@P`p2( 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p8XV~ OJPJQJ_HmH nHsH tHN`N Normal*$!B*OJQJ_HmH phsH tH`  Heading 1$$$ & F 0*$@&a$05@B*CJ OJPJQJ_HmH phsH tHb@b  Heading 22$ & F 0x@&^`0a$CJ^@^  Heading 3$ & Fx@&5CJOJQJ\^JaJDA`D Default Paragraph FontRiR 0 Table Normal4 l4a (k ( No List jB`j 0 Body Text$*$a$-@B*CJOJPJQJ_HmH phsH tHb/b 0Body Text Char-@B*CJOJPJQJ_HmH phsH tHd/d Heading 1 Char05@B*CJ OJPJQJ_HmH phsH tH`!` Heading 2 Char,5@B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJphtH\1\ Heading 3 Char'5B*OJPJQJ\^JaJphtH.)@A.  Page NumberxoQx Body text numbered Char1@B*CJOJQJ^J_HaJmH phsH tHBoaB Footnote CharactersH*VORqV Body text numbered nospace Char<@< 0Header  9r CJPJTT 0 Header Char%B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJphtH< @< 0Footer  9r CJPJTT 0 Footer Char%B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJphtH@@ mdxLogoB*CJOJQJphdOd Body text numbered ^`^JaJDC@D Body Text Indent `dd Body Text Indent Char!@B*OJPJQJ^JphtHPR@P !Body Text Indent 2 \^`\hh Body Text Indent 2 Char!@B*OJPJQJ^JphtHHS@"H #Body Text Indent 3 "D^Dh1h "Body Text Indent 3 Char!@B*OJPJQJ^JphtH:@B: % Footnote Text$CJfQf $Footnote Text Char)@B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJphtHOqb Contents Page Title &$&dPa$m$/5@B*CJ KHOJPJQJ\^JaJ phh>@h (Title',&dPOm$)@B*CJ4KHOJPJQJ^JaJ4ph6]ZZ ' Title Char-@B*CJ4KHOJPJQJ^JaJ4ph6]tHdO!d Standards Heading 2)$ & F0^`0a$CJZ1Z Standards Heading 3*$ & Fa$ 56aJdOd Body text numbered nospace+`<^``hOh Bulleted indent body text, & F 8^JaJJOJ Contents inner-$ %a$PJ@O@ Contents heading.5TOT Body text numbered 2/`^``RR 1.Endnote Text CharCJOJPJQJmH sH b+b 0. Endnote Text1*$)B*CJOJPJQJmH nHphsH tH.!. . BibliogrphyF1F . Tech InitCJOJQJkHmH sH uJAJ . Technical 1CJOJQJkHmH sH uJQJ . Technical 2CJOJQJkHmH sH uJaJ . Technical 3CJOJQJkHmH sH u.q. . Technical 4.. . Technical 5.. . Technical 6.. . Technical 7.. . Technical 8(( .Doc Initb/b . Document 1=$$ 0*$ OJPJQJ_HmH nHsH tHHH . Document 2CJOJQJkHmH sH uHH . Document 3CJOJQJkHmH sH u66 . Document 4 56CJ,, . Document 5,!, . Document 6,1, . Document 7,A, . Document 8.Q. . Right Par 1.a. . Right Par 2.q. . Right Par 3.. . Right Par 4.. . Right Par 5.. . Right Par 6.. . Right Par 7.. . Right Par 8X"X .CaptionM*$)B*CJOJPJQJmH nHphsH tH:/: ._Equation CaptionZZ P.Balloon Text Char CJOJ PJQJ ^J aJmH sH jj O. Balloon TextP*$1B*CJOJ PJQJ ^J aJmH nHphsH tHX/X RWBL BodyQd%B*CJKH0_HmH nHphsH tHX/!X Q WBL Body Char%B*CJKH0_HmH nHphsH tHPK![Content_Types].xmlj0Eжr(΢Iw},-j4 wP-t#bΙ{UTU^hd}㨫)*1P' ^W0)T9<l#$yi};~@(Hu* Dנz/0ǰ $ X3aZ,D0j~3߶b~i>3\`?/[G\!-Rk.sԻ..a濭?PK!֧6 _rels/.relsj0 }Q%v/C/}(h"O = C?hv=Ʌ%[xp{۵_Pѣ<1H0ORBdJE4b$q_6LR7`0̞O,En7Lib/SeеPK!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xml M @}w7c(EbˮCAǠҟ7՛K Y, e.|,H,lxɴIsQ}#Ր ֵ+!,^$j=GW)E+& 8PK!Ptheme/theme/theme1.xmlYOo6w toc'vuر-MniP@I}úama[إ4:lЯGRX^6؊>$ !)O^rC$y@/yH*񄴽)޵߻UDb`}"qۋJחX^)I`nEp)liV[]1M<OP6r=zgbIguSebORD۫qu gZo~ٺlAplxpT0+[}`jzAV2Fi@qv֬5\|ʜ̭NleXdsjcs7f W+Ն7`g ȘJj|h(KD- dXiJ؇(x$( :;˹! I_TS 1?E??ZBΪmU/?~xY'y5g&΋/ɋ>GMGeD3Vq%'#q$8K)fw9:ĵ x}rxwr:\TZaG*y8IjbRc|XŻǿI u3KGnD1NIBs RuK>V.EL+M2#'fi ~V vl{u8zH *:(W☕ ~JTe\O*tHGHY}KNP*ݾ˦TѼ9/#A7qZ$*c?qUnwN%Oi4 =3ڗP 1Pm \\9Mؓ2aD];Yt\[x]}Wr|]g- eW )6-rCSj id DЇAΜIqbJ#x꺃 6k#ASh&ʌt(Q%p%m&]caSl=X\P1Mh9MVdDAaVB[݈fJíP|8 քAV^f Hn- "d>znNJ ة>b&2vKyϼD:,AGm\nziÙ.uχYC6OMf3or$5NHT[XF64T,ќM0E)`#5XY`פ;%1U٥m;R>QD DcpU'&LE/pm%]8firS4d 7y\`JnίI R3U~7+׸#m qBiDi*L69mY&iHE=(K&N!V.KeLDĕ{D vEꦚdeNƟe(MN9ߜR6&3(a/DUz<{ˊYȳV)9Z[4^n5!J?Q3eBoCM m<.vpIYfZY_p[=al-Y}Nc͙ŋ4vfavl'SA8|*u{-ߟ0%M07%<ҍPK! ѐ'theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsM 0wooӺ&݈Э5 6?$Q ,.aic21h:qm@RN;d`o7gK(M&$R(.1r'JЊT8V"AȻHu}|$b{P8g/]QAsم(#L[PK-![Content_Types].xmlPK-!֧6 +_rels/.relsPK-!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK-!Ptheme/theme/theme1.xmlPK-! ѐ' theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPK] beKnz֣P&h) :Q h)h)nHo bbbbdd EZ07ARF`Sl1q9ys`RX.k/SV '76EvQ5`lVv9cY|Ѳ)& HQ- !h'*v06:@NKsO|T [^abhp3v>x}݊ԓiu1! C ,h1    "$%()+,.0135z m8*9FSe{_"te#!9[KT bu 50$T  ))J3{;GjSl\dShwtv чُʙo|oqj&0h1  !#&'*-/246 C[^!!!t  ,R$n~Nͬ/:vo@p (    A ?( "MU LOGO_LDN_RGBPicture 5MU LOGO_LDN_RGB.jpg#" ?B S  ?H0(  h)s#t@hlhluye t ""((. .99T;X;S>W>iKmKKKUUVV(W0W\\-]1]rrjnVZFJcg[_  j<k<#+hnTYhhkipisjxjjjjjDIMR16:?27uz~-2HM((((((((((((d)e)i)@GGX Z A!C!e!j!&&++++,,\,_,L0p06:;:(=)=AAFBIBHHPIRIIInWrW9d;dhhX}e}~~~~~~EHeh dg9<zZ[9<be_b ~+.PR8?ACj<k<<<==&=(=RRSSUSXSSSSSSS Z ZNZPZsZuZZZ[[\\aaaabb>kCkvv;=آ=J"¶ƶgkøλջU]mxw}9?8;(.=GRU , / z ~     ^ f   ? B     28d>i>VV]]]]nnnnooBpDppp(q>qwqzqqqlxxx~~~~~  ~BHƒKN ՟؟svW]69Z]y}Y\.1otJMWXwz$'TWz  gpU X _a%((((((((((((d)e)i)33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333339_8MVl'=a)>hl4Fv G0GN[i[oo~~_yז=&=J2A#q!!v((44J6Z6;';xII5JLJ KKLLlLzLZ[LeZeYlmlssqwwՆ@[˕؞)aâCDzʻ˻ 3tXo,7&0_ou&Rh$.2+J+ w$w1\jjvT i   ((((((((((((d)e)i)l` +TFa)f\>x_Nށ3FmB(^ fQ"^%ըfPYhB1ePSFV!Wvx\4r>6 a1az<B+}bP^`P@^@`0^`0`^``^`^`^``^``0^0`]^`]OJQJhh^h`o(hh^h`o(.0^`0o(..0^`0o(... 88^8`o( .... 88^8`o( ..... `^``o( ...... `^``o(....... ^`o(........ \^`\o(\^`\o(.0^`0o(..0^`0o(... 88^8`o( .... 88^8`o( ..... `^``o( ...... `^``o(....... ^`o(........hh^h`o(hh^h`o(.0^`0o(..0^`0o(... 88^8`o( .... 88^8`o( ..... `^``o( ...... `^``o(....... ^`o(........hh^h`o( hh^h`o(.0^`0o(..0^`0o(... 88^8`o( .... 88^8`o( ..... `^``o( ...... `^``o(....... ^`o(........ hh^h`o(hh^h`o(.0^`0o(..0^`0o(... 88^8`o( .... 88^8`o( ..... `^``o( ...... `^``o(....... ^`o(........hh^h`o(hh^h`o(.0^`0o(..0^`0o(... 88^8`o( .... 88^8`o( ..... `^``o( ...... `^``o(....... ^`o(........d^d`o(() 4^4`hH.  L^ `LhH.  ^ `hH. ^`hH. tL^t`LhH. D^D`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. \^`\o(\^`\o(.0^`0o(..0^`0o(... 88^8`o( .... 88^8`o( ..... `^``o( ...... `^``o(....... ^`o(........hh^h`o( hh^h`o(.0^`0o(..0^`0o(... 88^8`o( .... 88^8`o( ..... `^``o( ...... `^``o(....... ^`o(........hh^h`o(hh^h`o(.0^`0o(..0^`0o(... 88^8`o( .... 88^8`o( ..... `^``o( ...... `^``o(....... ^`o(........hh^h`o(hh^h`o(.0^`0o(..0^`0o(... 88^8`o( .... 88^8`o( ..... `^``o( ...... `^``o(....... ^`o(........ hh^h`5o(hh^h`5o(.0^`05o(..0^`05o(... 88^8`5o( .... 88^8`5o( ..... `^``5o( ...... `^``5o(....... ^`5o(........d^d`o() 4^4`hH.  L^ `LhH.  ^ `hH. ^`hH. tL^t`LhH. D^D`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.dd^d`o(^`o(.808^8`0o(..808^8`0o(... ^`o( .... ^`o( ..... `^``o( ...... `^``o(....... pp^p`o(........ hh^h`o(hh^h`o(.0^`0o(..0^`0o(... 88^8`o( .... 88^8`o( ..... `^``o( ...... `^``o(....... ^`o(........ hh^h`o( hh^h`o(.0^`0o(..0^`0o(... 88^8`o( .... 88^8`o( ..... `^``o( ...... `^``o(....... ^`o(........\^`\o( N\N^N`\o(.0^`0o(..0^`0o(... 88^8`o( .... 88^8`o( ..... `^``o( ...... `^``o(....... ^`o(........a)l`fQ+}3x_N1ePSx\az6 a^+PYhB^%BV!WWW8Num2        &z        RKvr6<u.#^ZfOwSS7zN  { U  6_ !B =f  " .5S~&bju1*+T>p]Ga'& =}Xa9j{v\jtC>:q$4e 2,%l%U&g '/(G**Q*g?+^+Y,Y-b-b-%M. / /5/ 1`1T 23"4%K45535t7L7Nh9j/;#D<X<\<#=>CX>?F'?c?9A|vAlB_BD>DXE-H:I[I /L{MLMNSN91O_OPQ QQthQ)5R@R\SuSTwT.EXYp"YZ $[c+[n\t\f].]q^4"_6_+`Bc`a};abbZc)td7epfqgq|g h *h9(i)?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$&'()*+,./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmopqrstuwxyz{|}Root Entry F Data %1Table-WordDocumentHSummaryInformation(nDocumentSummaryInformation8vCompObjy  F'Microsoft Office Word 97-2003 Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89qRoot Entry FData %1Table-WordDocumentHSummaryInformation(nDocumentSummaryInformation8tCompObjy  F'Microsoft Office Word 97-2003 Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q՜.+,D՜.+,@ hp  H  Title4 $,       !"#$&'()*+,./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmopqrstu